December 2008

The most important news of the month — indeed of the past several years — is that, despite long-standing promises from the university's outgoing president, the new administration of the National University of Singapore has stopped both funding and sponsoring the Victorian Web and its two sister sites. The disappearance of our Singapore server might reduce our hits by one third until readers use our main server in New York. The manually updated mirror in Nagoya, Japan, remains online, however.

November 2008

The month began with your webmaster in Singapore and Dr. Banerjee just back from Central Europe, and together, beginning with her essay entitled, "The Gothic Revival in Central European Architecture," they created a series of several dozen photo documents on St Vitus Cathedral in Prague and Budapest's Parliament House, Church of St. Matthias, and the Fisherman's Bastion. Next, GPL, who serves on the editorial board of the UK-based online journal Neo-Victorian Studies, created a section on this subject largely based on materials about relevant works of A. S. Byatt, Peter Carey, Jean Rhys, and Graham Swift that formerly resided in The Postcolonial and Postimperial Literature and Culture site (www.postcolonialweb.org), which I have taken offline, plus a few new ones about Michael Cox and Jasper Fforde. As of 31 November, the site had 39,743 documents, the increase of more than 500 due in large part to this migration of Neo-Victorian materials from the sister site.

Jacqueline Banerjee wrote "A Marvellous Man," a long, important review of Rosemary Hill's God's Architect: Pugin and the Building of Romantic Britain. She also sent in scans of illustrations from the appendix of the 1872 edtion of Eastlake's A History of the Gothic Revival, including the interior of Butterfield's All Saints, Margaret Street, William Burges's Warehouse on Thames Street, London and his unexecuted design for a fountain plus Philip Speakman Webb's Worship Street row of shops. In addition, she contributed photos and documents for Sir Arthur Blomfield's St. Alban's Church in Copenhagen, Denmark.

Savi Munjal from the University of Delhi sent in a second contribution — Taming Heterotopia — The Spatio-Temporal Politics of Elizabeth Gaskell's Mary Barton.

Brad Fruhauff writes from Loyola University in Chicago to notify us about two bad links in the Bleak House section, one created by the disappearance of an external site and another by my reformatting Johnson's book on Dickens. Douglas Golding, a guide at St Andrew's cathedral, Sydney, writes to correct the misidentification of St Mary's catholic cathedral as St Andrew's. Marion Durnin, a research student at Trinity College Dublin, pointed out that Samuel Carter Hall's reminiscences of Macaulay were mistakenly credited to his wife. Thanks!

October 2008

Funny how things come in pairs! immediately after I received an e-mail from Annie Pasqua, who wrote the music, lyrics, and libretto of Tess The New Musical, which has its own website, James Hyland wrote from London that he "will be performing in a new stage version of Hard Times (which [he] jointly adapted and devised from the novel by Charles Dickens) at the Warehouse Theatre, London (adjacent to East Croydon Train Station) from Friday 24th October to Sunday 16th November [more information including the production's website].

Your webmaster's travels to Singapore (where he gave a talk on The Victorian Web) and Vietnam produced interesting comparative materials, including series on both Saigon's 1886 Buu Dien Thanh-Pho [City Post Office] for the section on iron and glass and J. Bourad's Cathedral of Notre-Dame for that on the Gothic Revival. His weeks in Singapore allowed him to photograph (or rephotograph) a series of buildings embodying colonial versions of both Gothic and Classical Revivals: Classicism in the Straits Colonies appears, for example, in Raffles Hotel (where Kipling, Conrad, and Maugham stayed), the Singapore Cricket Club, Stamford House, the Singapore National Museum, Asian Civilizations Museum (formerly Government Offices), Old Parliament House, Victoria Memorial Hall (includes Old Town Hall), and even the characteristicaly Singaporean architectural form of the shophouse. St. Andrews Cathedral and the chapel of the former Convent of the Holy Infant Jesus, on the other hand, represent the Gothic Revival, and Lau Pa Sat Festival Market a rare surviving example of elaborate colonial iron-and-glass architecture.

Jacqueline Banerjee contributes a long, detailed essay on styles in domestic architecture before setting off for Eastern Europe. Before she did so she sent in a series on The Conservative Club.

Patrick Nicholas writes from Orvieto, Italy, to correct a typo in the Wilde section. Thanks! We ended the month with 39,050 documents.

September 2008

Your webmaster, who voyaged to Porto, Portugal, to deliver the keynote address about this site — "When a Wiki is not a Wiki: Twenty Years of the Victorian Web" — at a computer science conference, WikiSym2008, encountered several buildings of Victorian interest, including the Livraria Chardron, a three-floor bookshop with a gothic revival decorative scheme inside and out, and an equally amazing railway station that abuts directly against a mountain! A visit to Paris on the way home produced photographs of the another structure originally built to serve as a railroad station, Musée d'Orsay — formerly the Gare d'Orsay; these pictures include the iron-and-glass roof and exterior sculpture. Photographs of works at the d'Orsay and one of Guimard's famous entrances to the Paris Métro led to creating a new section on Art Nouveau, which includes not only links to the older sections for both jewelry and metalwork but also new ones on European architecture, including Antoni Gaudí's famous Temple Expiatori de la Sagrada Famila and Casa Milà "La Pedrera," and his city park plus Puig i Cadafalch's Casa Ametller (all in Barcelona), a series on Osvald Polivka and Antonin Balšánek's Municipal Building in Prague and buildings in Budapest; the works from Prague and Budapest had earlier appeared in the section on British and European Aesthetes, Decadents, and Symbolists, to which links to the Art Nouveau sitemap and bibliographical items have been added. The Art Nouveau section also includes new material on furniture and interior design, such as François-Ruper Carabin's elaborate sculptural bookcase and Pierre-Adrien Dalpayrat Mantelpiece. We ended the month with 38,662 documents and images, according to the automatic script created by Aloysius Tay Wee Kok for our server.

Philip Allingham, who has contributed somewhat less than usual these last few months because he has been finishng his book on illustraton, sent in seven lovely photographs of Mai Dun Hill Fort [Maiden Castle], Dorset, and an accompanying essay explaining how Hardy alludes to this landscape in The Mayor of Casterbridge. He followed these Hardy-related photographs with two each of Hangman's Cottage and Maumbury Rings, Dorchester.

Jacqueline Banerjee contributed a good deal of material on Victorian architecture, including photographs and accompanying essays for several country houses: Pugin's Scarisbrick Hall in Lancashire and Albury Park in Surrey, Chartwell in Kent, Polesden Lacey in Surrey, and Wotton House also in Surrey. In addition, she wrote five important general essays: "The Great Housing Boom," "Country Houses," "Homes in the City and Suburbs, "Architectural Trades and Professions," and "Architectural Books, and Professional and Trade Journals" plus Gordon Square, Bloomsbury." Next, she created a series of essays and photographs about Bedford Park, London, an early version of the garden suburb, by Richard Norman Shaw, and E. J. May, and others, including homes, The Tabard Inn, St Michael and All Angels, and Martin Travers's stained glass St Michael slaying the dragon over the City.

Dr. Linda Wilson, Tutor, Open Theological College, University of Gloucestershire, provided enough materials on Marianne Farningham (1834-1909) to create a new section for this religious novelist.

Thanks to Benedict Heal of Newport Pagnell, Bucks., for pointing out a broken link in the sitemap for C. R. Ashbee and to Russell Perkin, Professor of English, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, N.S., Canada, for suggested that we include Thackeray in the list of famous Victorians who attended English public schools since his attendance was alrady mentioned in the Dr.Banerjee's "The Public School Experience in Victorian Literature."

August 2008

Thanks to Erin Sinesky Lovett of W. W. Norton, who sent along an advance copy of Michael Cox's The Glass of Time — a real page turner in the form of a Neo-Victorian sensation novel that GPL quickly read and reviewed. GPL also reformatted E. D. H. Johnson's The Alien Vision of Victorian Poetry as well as most of the Previctorian section of the site.

Philip Allingham wrote a biographical introduction for Archibald Standish Hartrick, who illustrated Thomas Hardy's "A Changed Man."

Jacqueline Banerjee contributed more photographs and essays on Cambridge, including a series on the the screen wall, King's College by William Wilkins and Sir George Gilbert Scott's St John's College Chapel and Sainte-Chapelle in Paris, whose restoration by Eugène-Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc inspired Scott. The amount of material on this university prompted GPL to create a new sitemap for it.

Dick Sullivan contributed "Matthew Arnold, "The Scholar Gipsy," and the Cumnor Hills."

David Page, Editor of the Kipling Journal, writes to announce the site's "New Readers' Guide to the works of Rudyard Kipling" and to inform readers of Victorian Web about "our searchable text-only archive of the Kipling Journal (other than the latest eight issues). Our Society recently decided to make this archive available to everyone, rather than just to members."

July 2008

This month ended with the site containing 38,112 files, having begun with 37,948 and your webmaster in Porto, Portugal, where he gave the opening talk at a one-day conference about wikis. While exploring the city's extraordinarily steep hilly streets, he came upon the Mercado do Bolhão, an example of nineteenth-century iron-and-class architecture. After adding some photographs of this market to our collection of British examples, GPL reorganized the sitemap for iron-and-class structures. The Maas Gallery catalogue for the 2008 summer exhibition provides images of works by many artists, some new to the site, such as Joseph Mosley Barber, Hercules Brabazon Brabazon, Charles Herbert Goetze, Henry Moore, Augustus Edwin Mulready, Maud Naftel, Emily Stannard, and George Winchester, as well as those whose works have already appeared here, including engravings by Herkomer, Head of a Man by Frederick Sandys, Saving of a Soul by James Smetham.

Jacqueline Banerjee began the month with a series of photographs and accompanying essays on sculpture, including H. H. Armstead's Founder's Fountain at King's College, Cambridge, E. H. Baily's William Wilkins, William Theed's Bust of an Unknown Woman, Richard Westmacott's William Pitt, and R. J. Wyatt's The Nymph Ino and the Infant Bacchus. Later she sent in the beginnings of a new series on the University of Cambridge, including several on George Basevi's Fitzwilliam Museum and Waterhouse's Red Building and college library at Pembroke College, as well as Pomeroy's Cromwell at St. Ives and Madingley Hall, a sixteenth-century English country house in Cambridgeshire extensively reconstructred by J. A Gotch, brother of the symbolist painter. Victorian restoration, here Gilbert Scott's, also provided the point of interest in her nine images of Ely Cathedral. She also compared brickwork on William Tite's Windsor & Eton Riverside Station, Datchet Road, Windsor, with the brickwork on the brick diapering on the Bishop's Palace at Ely.

Andrew Churchill and Tamsin Williams of the Watts Gallery, write with the welcome news that "the 3rd Watts Symposium will take place on 26 and 27 February 2009 at Guildhall, London and St Paul's Cathedral, and the Maas Gallery generously sent a beautiful catalogue along with their announcement of the summer exhibition it accompanied. Lexi Stuckey, MA candidate, University of Central Oklahoma, contributed a biographical introduction for Anna Eliza Bray, a cousin of Christina Rossetti who wrote novels and books on folklore. Dick Sullivan contributed two of his characteristically thoughtful essays — Matthew Arnold and the Twenty-first Century and Cardinal Newman and The Dream of Gerontius. Matt McGuire sent in a commentary on Thackeray's decorative initial P for Chapter 4.

Brad Fruhauff, Loyola University Chicago, notified your webmaster about broken links. Helen Small of Pembroke College, Oxford, writes to point out that in one essay Mary Elizabeth Braddon has somehow become Margaret Elizabeth Braddon! David Wilson writes from Switzerland to correct a few howlers in a discussion of Morris's "The Tune of Seven Towers." Richard J. L. Senior, a dscendant of Edwin Chadwick, wrote to correct an erroroneous date. Thanks to these attentive readers!

June 2008

Your webmaster spent the first ten days of the month adding photographs and text from Robert Bowman's Sir Alfred Gilbert and the New Sculpture, the catalogue of an exhibition that opened on 4 June at the Fine Art Society, London. This treasure trove of Victorian sculpture contained images of works not previously in The Victorian Web, such as Albert Toft's Maternity, Alfred Gilbert's Watts, Alfred Drury's Elsie Doncaster, Edgar Bertram Mackennal's Truth, Thomas Brock's Frederick, Lord Leighton, Kathleen Scott, Baroness Kennet's Laus Deo, Hamo Thornycroft's Warrior Bearing a Wounded Youth from the Field of Battle, The Bather, and The Stone Thrower plus new information and superior photographs of works already on site, such as Gilbert's magnificent St. George, Comedy and Tragedy, Icarus, An Offering to Hmen, and works by other sculptors (Dick, Onslow Ford, Leighton,Thornycroft).

Philip V. Allingham contributed "Michael Faraday's Popular Science Lectures, Percival Leigh, and Charles Dickens: Science for the Masses in Household Words (1850-51)" plus transcribing two of Leigh and Dickens's popularizations of the great scientist's lectures: "The Laboratory in the Chest" and "The Chemistry of a Candle."

Jacqueline Banerjee created several series of photographs and accompanying documents about Knightsbridge buildings that exemplify the dominant style of upscale domestic architecture in the 1880s and '90s, including eight of J. J. Stevenson's buildings on Pont Street, six of H. A. Peto and E. George's 52, Cadogan Square, and a Norman Shaw-like mansion block, as well a series on the mid-century row houses on Chalcot Square She also added introductions to Peto and George and wrote an essay on that popular combination of Queen Anne and Netherlandish architecture known as Pont Street Dutch.

Dick Sullivan continues his series of essays on The Persistence of the Victorians: Things Remembered and Things Forgot with "Vaughan Williams and The Lark Ascending," "The Last of the Victorians:June 2008," "Laurence Binyon (1869-1943)," "Sir Edwin Landseer Lutyens OM (1989-1944." Gordon D. S. Maddock, an Old Blundellian himself, contributed plans of Old Blundell's School to the Blackmore gallery.

May 2008

May began with 36,825 documents and images on the site; it increased to 37,456 by the 26th. After reading S. N. Behrman's delightful Portrait of Max, your webmaster contributed "Max on Music Halls," "Max Beerbohm creates a great fuss: the reaction to 'A Defence of Cosmetics,'" and a comparison containing parodies by both Punch and Lewis Carrol of a poem by Isaac Watts; he also added brief passages from Behrman on Beerbohm's caricatures, the Great MacDermott of music hall fame, and "Oscar Wilde's Arrogance."

Traveling to London to celebrate his forty-second wedding anniversary enabled your webmaster to meet with British contributors and with Jacqueline Banerjee, our U. K. editor. The sun shone — well, some of the time, thus is London, after all — permitting many photographs, including many of housing for rich and poor: the home on Cadgan Square that G. E. Street designed for himself as well as houses there by J. J. Stevenson and R. Norman Shaw. Other homes for the well-off include Philip Webb's for George Howard, a large Tudor Revival building in Herbert Crescent as well as several streets of high-end row houses, such as Palace Gardens Terrace, Belgrave Squuare, Cadogan Place, Flask Walk (Hampstead). Hampstead, which in Victorian times had a large working-class population, provided images of Willow Cottages, homes originally inhabited by watercress gatherers; The Flask, a local public house; and The Wells and Camden Wash Houses and Baths, which served whose homes had no running water. GPL also created a new sitemap for retail shops, arcades and other commercial buildings to which were linked photographs of B. Flegg, Saddle & Harness Maker and James Smith & Sons, the famous store for umbrellas and canes. He also began a new section on architectural sculpture, which thus far consists chiefly of a dozen bas reliefs, and several trips to the V&A produces images of works by Baily, Brock, Dalou, Gilbert, Stevens, Toft, Tweed, and Westmacott. In addition, GPL's walks around London produced photographs of statues of David Livingstone, Ernest H. Shackleton, and Robert Stephenson.

Philip Allingham sent in a portrait of Ruskin from the 1892 Illustrated London News, three plates for "To Please His Wife", and six for Hardy's "Wessex Folk."

Jacqueline Banerjee contributed a series of eight photographs and accompanying text about H. A. Darbishire's Holly Village, Highgate, North London created for Angela Georgina Burdett-Coutts as well; Sir James Pennethorne's 1832 houses in Park Village West; photographs of works by Burne-Jones, and additional details of Boehm's statue of Queen Victoria at Windsor. St George's Cathedral (Pugin), the Imperial War Museum (the old "Bedlam"), the New London Synagague, an essay on Victorian Judaism, and the a series on houses in Park Village houses, No. 1-7 by Charles Lee, James Pennethorne, John Nash, and his office.

Some additons to the new British and European Aesthetes, Decadents, and Symbolists materials: Ryan Wong contributed "Klinger, Symbolism and the Bizarre," Paul O'Leary McCann "Max Klinger's Incubus: The Dead Mother," and GPL created sections on Böcklin and Delville.

Don Harvey of Newport Beach, California, sent in several corrections for the text of Tennyson's "Ulysses." Susan A. Davi, Head, Collection Development, University of Delaware Library, corrected a misspelling on the list of Pre-Raphaelite web resources. The Reverend Ian Carmichael, Farmington Fellow, Harris Manchester College, Oxford, UK, corrected a real howler in the essay on William Whewell — two repeated paragraphs. Thanks!

April 2008

The month began with the site having grown to 35,819 documents. For his his seminar on Pre-Raphaelites, Aesthetes, and Decadents, your webmaster created a section on the paintings of Gustave Moreau, who is hardly a Victorian, and as part of that section he wrote an essay comparing this painter to the Pre-Raphaelites. At this point, GPL decided to enlarge the existing materials on the Aesthetes and Decadents, creating a new section on British and European Aesthetes, Decadents, and Symbolists that, since it no longer solely concerns English artists and writers, has a very different appearance than the rest of site with its green and yellow color scheme. To provide comparisons to British Victorian architecture, GPL also began a site on nineteenth-century American buildings, the first section of which comprises a half dozen styles of domestic architecture. [This link takes you to his favorite American Victorian home in Providence.]

The Huysmans project continued as Valerie Hsiung, who contributed "Baudelaire Bound by Naturalism in 'Metamorphoses of the Vampire'" created on annotations for plainsong and for the various exotic flowers to which Des Esseintes refers, including Cypripedium, Nepenthes, and Anthurium. She also wrote "In the Verge of the Unknown: Blackness, Space and Mood in Khnopff's In Fosset. An Evening." Paul O'Leary McCann created annotations for Fecamp Abbey and the Maurists as well as for various jewels mentioned in the text; Richard Stein, who wrote "The Decadent Greek Sphinx: Drtikol, Khnopff, Bernard, and von Stuck," provided notes on Saint Vincent de Paul and Rubens and The Feast of Herod, his verson of the Salome story. Seicha Turnbull wrote annotations for The Golden Ass of Apuleius and Paul Verlaine. Ryan Wong contributed annotations on Jan Luyken, a late seventeenth-century Dutch lithographer who life and work fascinated Hysman's protagonist, and The Psychomachia of Prudentius.

Jacqueline Banerjee reviewed Sybil Oldfield's Jeanie, an "Army of One": Mrs Nassau Senior, 1828-1877, The First Woman in Whitehall, and she also provided a biography of the illustrator Joseph Pennell (1857-1926) plus a dozen plates and commentaries from his series of drawings of London. She also contributed sets of photographs with commentary of Sir Joseph Edgar Boehm's bronze statue of Queen Victoria at Windsor and John Graham Lough's Stephenson Memorial, Newcastle.

Brian Elliott, webmaster of Christ Chuch in Esher, Surrey, sent in two photographs of the recently restored Walker organ, and Yaakov Eisenberg of New York corrected the transcription of James Clerk Maxwell's "Molecules." Antiquariaat Jan Meemelink, Den Haag ('s-Gravenhage ) The Netherlands, kindly permitted us to reproduce an 1855 plate of the Nepenthes to use as an illustration in the Hysmans project described above. Terry Scarborough, Professor of English, Okanagan College, Kelowna BC, Canada, contributed "Science or Séance?: Late-Victorian Science and Dracula's Epistolary Structure," and Matt Macguire, M. A. Candidate, Anglia Ruskin University in Cambridge, England, sent in "The Retreated Narrator: Thackeray's Showman in Vanity Fair"

Dawn Carroll, E-Public Relations Officer for the National Museums Liverpool, writes to announce the Walker Art Gallery exhibition, Art in the Age of Steam, which includes Manet's The Railway (The Gare Saint-Lazare) and Egg's The Travelling Companions as well as many other major works; the exhibition runs from 18 April to 10 August 2008.

March 2008

Using Gimp (GNU Image Manipulation Program, free graphics software downloaded from the internet), your webmaster added blue skies to a few dozen architectural photographs in which the skies appeared whited out even though many of these images were made on sunny days. He also began the process of converting a web version of Sarah Cutts Frerichs's 1974 monograph on Elizabeth Missing Sewell, a High Church novelist and writer on women's education, for the inaugural Sarah Cutts Frerichs Lecture in Victorian Studies at Brown University's Cogut Center for the Humanities, which will take place on Tuesday, April 15, 2008. He added French and English versions of selected poems by Baudelaire to the materials on the Decadence.

Jacqueline Banerjee, who recently returned from India, sent in the first products of her travels — a life of A. O. Hume accompanied by photographs of the home of this graduate of the University of London who began as a colonial administrator and ended as founder of the Indian National Congress and famous ornithologist. She folowd this with "Home from Home: The Victorians in Simla," which are accompanied by a series of photographs of both landscape surroudning this summer capital of British India as well as Victorian buidings there: Christ Church, St. Michael's Cathedral, and Gaiety Theatre. Prompted by this new material, GPL reated a new section on British India, adding to the site material from the Postcolonial Web and images of landscape, buildings, people, and events from th New York Public Library site.

The month began with Dick Sullivan sending in an essay on John Clare, the Northamptonshire Peasant Poet, and "Sadness and Salvation: Six Victorian Poems," which begins with a discussion of one of Clare's poems. A few days later e-mail brought a review by Sharon Aronofsky Weltman of Oliver S. Buckton's Cruising with Robert Louis Stevenson: Travel, Narrative, and the Colonial Body. Rita Harris of Oxford has permited us to add her photographs and commentary about Margaret Giles's The Tortoise Boy (or Boy on a Tortoise). Tony Bentley wrote in with an explanation of the Duke of Wellington's original family name and to correct a statement about the number of children in his family.

Alpha S. from Shelton, Connecticut, writes to point out that contrary to the statement in the 1894 edition of his works, which is on this site, Edward Lear was the twentieth and not the twenty-first or twenty-one children. Bennie (BT) Robinson III writes to point out a typo. Thanks!

February 2008

The site has 35,409 documents and images as of 25 February. Charles L. Eastlake's A History of the Gothic Revival (1872), a treasure trove of information and beautiful images of architecture in this style, provided pictures and extensive commentary about churches and public buildings by James Brooks, William Butterfield, Benjamin Ferrey, George Goldie, A. W. N. Pugin. G. E. Street, and Alfred Waterhouse's Assize Courts, Manchester and New Buildings at Balliol College, Oxford The material added included not only churches but also country houses, such as those by William Burges, W. E. Nesfield's Cloverly Hall in Shropshire, J. L. Pearson's Quar Wood in Gloucestershire, W. Porden's Eaton Hall, J. Pritchard 's Eatington Park, Richard Norman Shaw's Leyes Wood in Sussex, A. Salvin's Scotney Castle, Sussex, W. White's Humewood in Ireland, and T. H. Wyatt's Orchardleigh Park in Somersetshire. Eastlake also provided entire chapters on Ruskin's importance and Pugin's biography, as well as shorter pieces on a range of relevant subjects, including Walter Scott's influence, the Gothic as a particularly functional style for domestic architecture, Barry and the Houss of Parliament. and material for an essay about the opposition to the style by both Evangelicals and Roman Catholics.

Judy Neiswander's e-mail about the Library of Congress's online collection of copyright-free images (see below) prompted GPL to create the html documents for numerous buildings and scenes, including Elmes and Cockerel's St George's Hall, Lime Street, Liverpool, Hardwick's Great Royal Western Hotel, Scott's restorations (Chester Cathedral, St Botolph's Church, Boston, Lincolnshire), Cambridge colleges (Jesus, St. John's), technology (water wheel, railways, windmill, steam paddlewheeler Boadiciea, and a steam tug towing a sailing ship), and resorts (Bath, Blackpool, Bognor, Brighton, Buxton, Herne Bay).

After GPL told Mark Bernstein, head of Eastgate Systems (www.eastgate.org — a firm with pioneerng hypertext and organization software), about the Library of Congress's online collection of copyright-free images, he suggested that the New York Public Library also had a site with much valuable visual materials, too, and he was certainly right! To begn with, GPL created two large sections of more than a dozen documents each of plates from the Audsley brothers' Polychromatic decoration as applied to buildings in the mediaeval styles and George Audsley and James Lord Bowes's Keramic Art of Japan — books with enormous value for study of the Medieval Revival and the Cult of Japan. The NYPL also provides images of British cavalry in India after the 1857 uprising and six images of British troops in the Crimean War, plus coats of arms of famous British public schools, such as those for Eton and Rugby, as well as various cities.

Philip Allingham provided materials to open a section on Eliza Lynn Linton, including an introduction to her life and works, a chronology, a list of the many periodicals in which she published, and a dozen illustrations by Arthur Hopkins for her novel, The Atonement of Leam Dundas. In addition, he completed a major project, scanning more than 60 illustrations by Fred Barnard of Dickens's Martin Chuzzlewit and creating captions and commentaries.

Jacqueline Banerjee contributed three photographs of Joseph Durham's Matilda Fountain, and her multi-part essay on Victorian crime (accompanied by a photograph of Francis Galton's portable fingerprint kit and an illustration of hooligans from Walter Besant's East London) prompted the creation of a new section on crime in the age of Victoria. In addition, she provided photographs of George Gilbert Scott and Francis Skidmore's Hereford Screen (now in the V&A) and an essay on Skidmore, whose work she also identified on the Albert Memorial. Her other contributions involving works in the V&A include photographs and essays on Burne-Jones's tapestry Angeli Ministrante and glass panels, Penelope and Chaucer Asleep plus Rossetti's stained glass version of Wedding of St George and the Princess and Frampton's sculpture, Mother and Child. Other contributions include a photograph of a memorial plaque to the orientalist painter John Frederick Lewis in St. Mary's Church, Walton-on-Thames, Surrey, a memorial by Sir Francis Chantrey in the same church that enabled the creation of a section for a sculptor today perhaps best known for his gift to the Tate, and a 16-part collection of photographs and essays on Street's St James the Less, Westminster.

Judy Neiswander writes to inform readers of the Victorian Web that the Library of Congress Prints & Photographs Online Catalog is treasure trove of copyright-free images on all subjects. GPL and JB have already found more than a dozen late-nineteenth-century photographs of bridges, landmarks, and monuments. Dick Sullivan contributed "Some Thoughts on an Old Classic of English Studies: Mysticism in English Literature (1913) by Caroline F. E. Spurgeon (1869-1942) and essays on Edward Fitzgerald and Rubaiyat as well as A.C. Benson. Matthew Koyle sent in "George W. M. Reynolds: An Enigma in Print." Michael Miller writes to inform us that he has collected his Elgar reviews online. Margaret Loose, University of California, San Diego, writes to point out that www.emilybronte.org.uk now takes one to a commercial site discussing digital cameras!

January 2008

Your webmaster began the new year by scanning and editing two sermons by Robertson that compare Roman Catholic, Puritan, and Broad Church conceptions of baptism, and writing a review of Tim Barringer's excellent Reading the Pre-Raphaelites. Looking through some photographs of buidings in Hong Kong taken five years ago, he found several of both the Cathedral of St. John and Sir Aston Webb's Supreme Court building. This last item brought to three the number of buildings by Webb — enough to create a section for this architect, who also designed the façade of Buckingham Palace and the Cromwell Road portion of the Victoria and Albert Museum. Continuing through his photo archives, he came upon images of a number of churches in colonial Singapore: the Anglican St. Andrews Cathedral, the Armenian Church of Saint Gregory the Illuminator, the Roman Catholic Cathedral of the Good Shepherd, Chapel of the Convent of the Holy Infant Jesus, and Church of Sts. Peter and Paul. A 2002 trip to Australia similarly produced photographs of St. Andrew's Cathedral and the Observatory and Time-ball Tower in Sydney.

Philip V. Allinhgam, working with GPL, has created a section containing all 121 of George Du Maurier's brilliant plates for his own novel Trilby. He followed the DuMaurier plates with a dozen illustrations by Arthur Hopkins for Eliza Lynn Linton's The Atonement of Leam Dundas and two for A Rose in June.

Jacqueline Banerjee sent in photographs, captions, commentary, and essays for her continuing series on Victorian architecture: eight on John Johnson's Alexandra Palace and five on The People's Palace, which is now the Queen's Building at Queen Mary University of London; this series includes images of the interior of the Octagon, now the library at Queen Mary. She continued with a set of related photographs and commentary: E. M. Barry's Covent Garden (Royal Opera House) and the adjacent Floral Hall plus Flaxman's statue of Melpomene, the muse of tragedy, on the façade of the Opera House. In addition, she wrote the caption and commentary for two of GPL's photographs of St Paul's, Covent Garden, the "actor's church," and she photographed and wrote about King's Weigh House Chapel, Norham Gardens, and the Great Hall of G. E. Street's Law Courts, including H. A. Armstead's Street memorial.

Marilyn Thomas, Professor of English, Menlo College, shared with our readers the preface to her new book, The Diary: Sex, Death, and God in the Affairs of a Victorian Cleric as well as the final chapter of her biography of F. W. Robertson. Olivia Rickman of the Foundling Museum writes to announce an exhibition about Handel and the Crystal Palace, which will run from 23 November 2007 through 2 March 2008. Luca Montanarella of the European Commission Joint Research Centre writes from Ispra, Italy, to identify the location represented in a painting by Giovanni Costa.

December 2007

Inspired by the biography of Frederick W. Robertson that Marilyn Thomas, Professor of English, Menlo College, sent in, your webmaster created a section for the the liberal Anglican Anglican, including his portrait and material about his comments on Wordsworth, Carlyle, Ruskin, Bulwer-Lyton as well as his strong defence of In Memoriam and thoughts about Elizabeth Gaskell, Charlotte Brontë, and the Contemporary Novel. He then scanned and edited Robertson's sermons, "Religious Depression," "The Shadow and Substance of the Sabbath," and "The Message of the Church to Men of Wealth," and he created a number of brief documents based on Stopford A. Brook's Life and Letters, including "'The evidence of goodness and wisdom in the external world is very questionable': Finding God amid the Cruelties of Nature" and "'There is a tendency now to be very indignant about a poor man's spending Sunday afternoon in a tea-garden': Robertson's Opposition to Sabbatarianism." GPL also added his three photographs from 2002 of the Queen Victoria Building, Sydney, Australia, to the section on iron and glass architevture. He also completed formatting scans provided by Philip V. Allingham of McLenan's illustrations for A Tale of Two Cities and added the passages from the novel that each image illustrated. Finally, after reading Elaine Pagels's The Gnostic Gospels, he wrote "A Pattern Repeated: Roman Catholics, High Church Anglicans, Evangelicals, and Ancient Gnosticism."

Philip V. Allinhgam sent in additional scans of George du Maurier's illustrations for "A Rose in June," which GPL sized and placed in html documents, and PVA scaned and produced html documents for illustrations of seven works of Hardy's short fiction by illustrators including George Lambert, William Hatherell, George Patterson, Arthur J. Goodman, W. B. Wollen, and W. Hennessy.

Jacqueline Banerjee sent in her photographs, captions, and commentary for the Victoria or Burdett-Coutts Memorial Drinking-Fountain and Victoria Park as well as a biography of Sir James Pennethorne, architect and surveyor to the Commissioners of Woods and Forests (later called Commissioners of Works) who designed important buildings, such as the West Wing of Somerset House, parks, and laid out New Oxford Street. She also provided images and descriptions of old Wells & Co. foundry and showroom (East London) and identified late-Victorian commercial buildings at 369-373 and 385-397 Oxford Street (London) that GPL had photographed some years back, and so we could finally put them online.

Lexi Stuckey, MA candidate, University of Central Oklahoma, contributed "Christina Rossetti and Anna Eliza Bray — Fashioning a New Form of Fairy Tale in "Goblin Market"." Leighton Carter contributed Beardsley's Grotesque Cave of Spleen, and Eugene Petracca wrote "The Veiled Countenance: Loss of Self in H. K. Browne's Bleak House" and "If thou hadst looked at me . . . ": Wilde's Picture of Salome. Terence Green, Ph.D. Candidate, Dept. of Political Science, Columbia University, made his second contribution, "Evolution as a Guide to Conduct." Gerrard Roots sent in an announcement of an exhibition of Sidney Paget's Sherlock Holmes illustrations at the Church Farmhouse Museum in London.

Thanks to readers: Judy Neiswander corrected a mispelling in the biography of Pugin. Thanks!

We end the year with 34,253 documents.

November 2007

Despite your Webmaster's pruning orphan and outmoded documents from the site, The Victorian Web has grown to more than 34,000 documents and images. While continuing to reformat the site, your Webmaster spent many hours scanning all the plates by Phiz for Bleak House from his personal copy of the first book edtion and then, using the Project Guteberg etext, adding the passages illustrated and also writing commentaries. Lucy Barnes added commentary on the plate entitled "Attorney and Client" and Leighton Carter wrote "Moody Clues: Hablot K. Browne's The Morning." GPL also worked on George Cattermole's plates for The Old Curiosity Shop from the three-volume first edition of Master Humphrey's Clock, in the process adding that illustrator's image of the audience at Astley's Ampitheatre to Philip V. Allingham's essay on London theaters. He also added his review, "Commodifying the Straw Man" — A Review of Brent Shannon's The Cut of His Coat: Men Dress, and Consumer Culture in Britain, 1860-1904 to which he added images of what men wore from illustrations by Cattermole, Phiz, and du Maurier.

Allinhgam wrote a series of four essays on Dickens's 1842 trip to Montreal and the theatricals he organized (and in which he acted) at the Queen's Theatre. "Dickens in Montreal, 1842" also contains fourteen images, which include both those scanned from contemporary sources and PVA's own photographs.

Jacqueline Banerjee sent in a series of nine photographs of the Grainger Market in Newcastle-upon-Tyne and accompanying text, a history of Harrow School with a dozen or so photographsm, and more photographs of Burne-Jones's home and studio, works by Flaxman, and the new paint scheme of St. Pancras Railway Station.

Lisa Jones of National Museums Liverpool writes to announce Victorian Visions, an exhibition of nineteenth-century photography at the Lady Lever Art Gallery that will run from December 2007 to mid-March the following year. Maagie Wood, Assistant Curator at the Museum of Domestic Design & Architecture at Middlesex University (UK), wrote to let us know that her institution houses the Silver Studio Collection. Florence Boos, current President of the U. S. William Morris Society, writes to inform readers of The Victorian Web that the Society now has an rich website containing information about its scholarly journal, a US Newsletter, links to discussions of Morris in many languages, up-to-date calendars of featured events in the US and UK, and instructions how to join the Society.

October 2007

Your webmaster continued reformatting the site this past month, working wth several hundred documents containig book illustrations and textile designs, and he also created a sitemap for the architecture of the University of London. He formatted and edited various graduate student contributions, such as Lucy Barnes's "Hunt's The Shadow of Death and Rossetti's 'Good Friday': An Unsettling Typology," "The Textual Alice and the Alice of Illustration," "Word and Image in G.M. Hopkins 'The Windhover;'" Leighton Carter's "The Struggle between Form and Content in William Holman Hunt's "Lady of Shalott"," "John Tenniel's Natural Fantasy: The White Rabbit," and "Gerard Manley Hopkins's "Pied Beauty": Word-painting vs. Formal Innovation?" and Eugene Petracca's "Chaste Longing: Illustrations of Rossetti and Millais for the Moxon Tennyson," "Biblical Typology in D. G. Rossetti's 'The Passover in the Holy Family,'" "Inscape/Landscape: Image as Type in the Poetry of G. M. Hopkin," and "Representing Alice: John Tenneil's Collaboration with Charles Dodgson."

Jacqueline Banerjee continues her section on the University of London with eleven photographs and accompanying discussions of the chapel at King's College, London, designed by Gilbert Scott with an interior attributed to the firm of Clayton & Bell. She followed that with photographs and discussions of the interior of the dome of the Wilkins Building at UCL, the Flaxman Gallery it contains, photographs of King's College, an illustrated essay on University of London art collections, and finally a series of eight photographs and accompanying discussions of Sir James Pennethorne's Public Record Office, which now serves as the Maughan Library, King's College London.

Jeanne Farewell contributes Can We Forgive Him? Trollope on America, and Rashmi Sahni, M.Phil candidate at the University of Delhi sent in her four-part essay on Collins's 'detective business': The Moonstone as a Detective Novel."]

Erik Ringmar, who teaches at a university in Taiwan, suggested we link to his The Fury of the Europeans: liberal barbarism and the destruction of the Emperor's Summer Palace, a site containing his "on-going research project on the destruction of the Yuanmingyuan, the Summer Palace of the Chinese Emperor, by British and French troops in 1860."

Thanks to readers: Ed Kranz corrected the text of a Browning poem quoted in a student question set, and Kiran Mascarenhas, The City University of New York, Graduate Center, corrected a typo in the list of authors. David Barbour, a member of the Coleraine Borough Council, wrote to point out that Portstewart, where the novelist Charles Lever briefly practiced medicine, is in Northern Ireland, not England. Mark Schumacher of the Reference Department, Jackson Library, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, pointed out that Georges Cuvier's name was missing its final "s" in several places, and Art Pitchford corrected the name of black kitten in Through the Looking Glass. Thanks to all for their help. Hannah Sheldon-Dean, a student in GPL's Sages, Satirists, and New Journalists seminar, pointed out broken links created by the reformatting of the site.

September 2007

After receiving a copy of the 1905 edition of Bannister Fletcher's wonderful A History of Architecture on the Comparative Method for his 67th birthday — thanks Ruth! — your webmaster created from its many drawings a new section of 100+ documents and images, Medieval English Gothic Architecture — Backgrounds to the Gothic Revival. Having been invited to Edinburgh to give a keynote at a conference organized jointly by the University and ther College of Art, GPL began a section on the city's architecture as well as taking photographs of sculpture by John Steell and others.

Philip V. Allingham joined those of us working on children's literature with his illustrated essay entitled "Julia Horatia Ewing's Jackanapes, a Late-Victorian Best-seller for Children." In addition, he wrote a biography of Randolph Caldecott and added eight of his illustrations.

Jacqueline Banerjee continued her series of essays entitled "Ideas of Childhood in Victorian Children's Fiction" with "The Child Within" and "Issues in Children's Literature," which includes "Regression, sentimentality and morbidity in depicting children," "Eroticizing childhood," and "The entrapment of children." Later in the month she provided eleven drawings of India by Leonard Raven-Hill biography of the illustrator.

In addition to sharing "The Musical Soirée: Rational Amusement in the Home," his essay about Victorian drawing room ballads and parlor songs, Derek B. Scott, Professor of Critical Musicology, University of Leeds, contributed his 15 performances of this musc, including Victorian setting of Poe's "Annabel Lee", "Home, Sweet Home!", and "Woodman, Spare That Tree!", plus two piano pieces, including "The Battle March of Delhi." He also contributed the lyrics to two popular music hall items, "My Old Dutch" and "Macdermott's War Song," which is credited (or blamed) as the source of the word "jingoism." Professor Albert Pionke from the University of Alabama has contributed "Representations of the Indian Mutiny in Victorian Higher Journalism," which he adapted from his book Plots of Opportunity: Representing Conspiracy in Victorian England (Ohio State UP, 2004) and then provided materials for GPL to create a section containing the full texts of a dozen and a half articles published in periodicals including Blackwood's, London Quarterly Review, and the Quarterly Review.

Thanks to readers: Harry McLaughlin updated the URL to his Family Photograph Album site. John Kofron wrote in to point out that the link from the list of authors to Charlotte Brontë had broken; Gordon Byrnes of Clarke University sent in the new URL for the Victoria & Albert Museum's National Art Gallry site, Richard Barnes FRSA, author of a book on the sculptor John Bell, wrote to point out that Bell was in fact the sculptor of the Crimea Guards Memorial itself. Charles Kolb, MD, FRCS, of Manchester (whom your master has known since they played lacrosse together at the University of London), e-mailed several corrections. Victoria Ford Smith corrected errors in Hardy's "Hap," and Sue caught an obvious howler in the biography of Samuel Butler. Whitney Johnson found a broken link on the railways overview. Thanks!

August 2007

Siobhan Lam and your webmaster continued to add material to the new section on children's literature, particularly images from chapbooks and other works, including illustrations from British Victorian magazines for boys and girls. Ms. Lam contributed two essays on Captain Marryat, a biographical introduction, which contains a discussion of Robinsonnades (or adaptations of DeFoe's Robinson Crusoe, including a chapbook one), and "Observing Victorian niceties on a desert island: Captain Marryat's Masterman Ready." In addition, she created essays on "The Rise of Children's Fantasy Literature: The Fate of Moral Tales," "Fairy Tales," "G.A. Henty's Quintessential Adventure Story: Reading One of the 28th," and her introduction to ideas of gender in children's fiction — "Boys will be Boys, and Girls should be Girls."

Meanwhile your webmaster continuing reformatting the site, beginning work on the four thousand documents each in design and illustration sections. Much of GPL's time was spent creating images of sculpture and other objects that readers can rotate 360 degrees, providing the kind of information only available with computing (one often can't examine all sides of objects in museums because they are in cases or in niches). For technical reasons involving server settings, Derwent-Wood's Robert Brough, the first qtvr project (QuickTime Virtual Reality) is currently online outside this site, as are Maraget Giles's Hero, Statue of a Young Woman attributed to Drury, and a For Old Times Sake, a pewter mug from Liberty &. Co. These images work with Firefox and Safari, but I do not know if they do with Internet Explorer. A week was also spent completely reformatting David DeLaura's magisterial Hebrew anf Hellene.

GPL, who gave a talk on Newman and Victiorian religion, spent the 16th through the 19th at the 2007 Bard College concert series and symposium entitled Elgar and His World, which was organized by Leon Botstein (President of Bard and Conductor of the American Symphony Orchestra), Christopher H. Gibbs, and Robert Martin, Artistic Directors, Irene Zedlacher, Executive Director, and Byron Adams, Scholar in Residence 2007. With the kind permission and assistance of Irene Zedlacher and others, your webmaster has expanded the section on Elgar, beginning with a detailed chronology of the composer and contemporary events, "'God Bless the Music Halls': Victorian and Edwardian Popular Songs" by Derke B. Scott, Professor of Critical Musicology, University of Leeds, and "'Right Praise and True Perfection': Edward Elgar and the English Imagination" and "Elgar: From Autodidact to 'Master of the King's Musick,'" both by Byron Adams, Professor of Music, University of California, Riverside.

Jacqueline Banerjee began the month with eight photographs of Smithfield Meat Market and accompanying text and bibliography as well as photographs of hotels in Brighton by John Nash and Alfrred Waterhouse, leading GPL to create a list of Victorian hotels of which we have images as well as a Waterhouse sitemap, which permits readers an additional way of locating the many photographs of his magnificent Natural History Museum. She also sent in a photograph of Margaret Oliphant's grave. JB next contributed three essays on the subject of "Ideas of Childhood in Victorian Children's Fiction": The Child as Innocent," The Child as Sinner, and Orphans, Outcasts and Rebels."

Philip Allingham contributed an essay on Dickens's "Italian Prisoner," the text itself, and scans of a Cruikshank self-portrait, and several other images. Irina Gredina of Tomsk Polytechnic University, Russia, and PVA contributed "Dickens's Influence upon Dostoevsky, 1860-1870; or, One Nineteenth-Century Master's Assimilation of Another's Manner and Vision."

Jennifer Burgess contributes a brief biography of Anna Kingsford, physician, vegetarian, and Theosophist, and a week or so later followed that with material on Kingsford's views on religion and the woman question, and Terence Green, a Ph.D. candidate in Department of Political Science, Columbia University, sent in "Herbert Spencer, Evolution and the Moral Law Within." Jean-Paul Flahaut suggested a link to his Annuaire Histoire — Révolution et Empires. Jon Grant's photograph of All Saints, Nocton provides both another example of Scott's architecture and additional material related to Viscount Goderich, Prime Minister, 1828-29. Sng Jin Soon collaborated with GPL and took two photographs of the Arcade in Providence, RI — an example of iron-and-glass roof that dates from 1828. Bernard Farr e-mailed from Oxford to share his photographs and information about the church of St. Philip and St James.

July 2007

Your webmaster/editor-in-chief continued to add material from the Maas catalogue and completed the html for the studies by Burne-Jones of the Christ the Lord in Majesty mosaic (Rome) now in the collection of the Delaware Art Museum, which is using one of my photos of the completed mosaic for an exhibition. In addition, reformatting the documents on Victorian authors has seen completion.

Jacqueline Banerjee began July with photos and information about Richard Norman Shaw's Albert Court — his influential apartment house (block of flats) adjacent to Albert Hall and near Imperial College. She next sent in a detailed review of the Yale UP volume of essays accompanying the Frith exhibition at the Guildhall and followed that by a biography of the engineer and arms manufacturer William George Armstrong, Baron Armstrong of Cragside (1810-1900) plus photographs of Hamo Thornycroft's monument to him in Newcastle and another of his pioneering Newcastle Swing Bridge. On a lighter note: JB sends in 10 photographs of the Arts and Crafts Black Friar pub.

Philip Allingham sent in an essay about the first of Helen Allingham's illustrations to Far from the Madding Crowd and two about Dickens's residences in Genoa, Italy, the latter accompanied by almost three dozen of his photographs plus two relevant passages from Dickens's Pictures from Italy, all of which GPL formatted and linked.

Siobhan Lam, class of 2008, Brown University, who won a summer Undergraduate Research Assistantship, which GPL is directing, has begun a section on children's literature, thus far providing discussions of both genres of children's reading and modes of publication. Her essays thus far include "Aesop's Fables," "Alphabet books: from grim morality to pleasurable learning," "Nursery Rhymes," "Hornbooks," "Chapbooks," an introduction to periodicals directed at young readers, "Penny Dreadfuls," "Evangelical Tracts and Magazines for Children," "Secular Magazines for Victorian Children," and essays on individual works by George MacDonald. GPL created a sitemap organizing all these materials plus earlier contributions by all three editors, such as JB's eight-part essay on child death and the Victorian novel with discussions of Kingsley and MacDonald, PVA's "Defending the Imagination: Charles Dickens, Children's Literature, and the Fairy Tale Wars," and GPL's "John Ruskin and the Literary Fairy Tale." Prompted by Ms. Lam's work, he also wrote "James Catnach, 'low-class jobbing printer'" and a discussion of Nonsense Literature. This new section also permits bringing together Sally Mitchell's existing discussions of Diana Mulock Craik, David Rand's section on William Brighty Rands, and other contributions.

John Erlen of the University of Pittsburgh Medical School sent in a description and url for his Recent Dissertations on Women's History and Health Care site. Sinead O'Neill, Web Editor for the Belfast City Council site, e-mailed to let us know that Official information about the Palm House is available, and I have added links to it in PVA's material on that pioneering iron-and-glass structure. Laurann de Verteuil, a recent graduate of the University of Glasgow, sent in "Reviving God: a study of Matthew Arnold and Gerard Manley Hopkins religious belief." Tjan Kwang Wei of Singapore contributed a photograph of Masjid Jamek Kedua (the Jamek Kedua Mosque) in Muar, Malaysia. The Victorian Web this month not only received contributions from South East Asia but from South Asia as well, for Savi Munjal, an MPhil candidate and instructor at the University of Delhi, contributed a five-part essay entitled "Imagined Geographies: Representations of the Orient in Three Nineteenth-Century Novels."

Thanks to readers: Connie Tornatore-Loong of Sydney, Australia, notified me of several typos in last month's "What's New"! I must be the world's worst typist: checking the previous sentence a few minutes after I wrote it, I discovered that notified had mysteriously become noptified. On the 13th Christie Riegelhaupt, Editor at ProQuest, wrote to tell us that the link to Conrad didn't work (in reformatting the site, I had forgotten to change "conradov" to "index"). Tan Lay Leng of Singapore, who put me in touch with Tjan Kwang Wei, pointed out that the iron bridge there bears the name "Cavenagh" not "Cavanagh."

June 2007

Aloysius Wee Kok Tay, who is in charge of computer services and labs at the University Scholars Program, National University of Singapore, creates a much improved search tool for the site. Thanks Aloysius! Meanwhile, your webmaster continues the reformatting project begun last December, finally completing work on the 4,400 documents in the section on Victorian painting. At last count, after removing hundreds of duplicate documents, inferior quality images, and the like, the site contained 32,437 documents and images. With the section on Victorian painters complete, it was now time to move works by Ruskin there, a matter of several days' work that involved rescanning some 70 works. Working with the watercolors and drawings Ruskin created throughout his career reveals that he was a better artist than many of those he defended in Modern Painters. Reconfiguring the Ruskin galleries came next, and with it creating a section including images of Ruskin's homes, some accompanied by relevant passages from his autobiography.

While this work was underway, two major contributions involving art arrived: Connie Tornatore-Loong, Assistant Curator of Australian Art, secured permission from Dr. Beresford, Curator of European Art, to include all images from works in Sydney's Art Gallery of New South Wales reproduced in Angus Trumble's Love and Death in the Age of Queen Victoria. Secondly, the Maas Gallery of London sent its latest catalogue, which has already led to the inclusion in VW of works by John Brett, William Etty J. W. Godward, George Howard (9th Earl of Carlisle), Arthur Hughes, Sidney Harold Meteyard, Abraham Solomon, and Simeon Solomon with dozens more to be scanned.

Jacqueline Banerjee started the month off with photos and information about more London theaters, including the Lyric, Garrick, and London Coliseum, which now houses the National Opera, plus the Chelsea homes of Carlyle and Rossetti. Switching gears, JB next writes the next installment of the University of London and the institutions and people closely associated with it — "The University of London and Its Boys' Schools," which she accompanies with photographs of the King's College School (1891). Next follows "Queen's College School and the Ladies' College School" with half a dozen photographs.

Dr Teresa Walker, who teaches in the English Department at Canterbury Christ Church University, Kent, England contributes a biography of Charlotte Elizabeth Tonna. Dick Sullivan writes four essays: Cyril Conolly and the problem of Housman's continuing popularity, an introduction to W. H. Davies, "William Morris: More News from Nowhere," and "The Absence of Love: William Morris's 'Golden Wing2.'" Some months earlier Dick has also wrote another of his fascinatng pieces on life in Victorian England with "Victorian Costermongers: 'A Penny Profit out of the Poor Man's Dinner",'" which I omitted from "What's New?" so I'll add it here. Dr. Ron Roizen contributes a six-part study of "God and the English Utilitarians," which includes "Utilitarianism as Part of the English Moral Philosophical Tradition" and an introduction to theistic utilitarians." Connie Tornatore-Loong of the Art Gallery of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia, contributes a notice of a major exhibition of the works of Sir Edgar Bertram Mackennal, K.C.V.O., R.A., 1863-1931, the great Australian-born sculptor who was the first person from down under to become an RAA biography of Mackennal, description of Deborah Edward's catalogue raisonné, and images of the artist and his work accompany the notice.

Off-site links: Bamber Gascoigne from HistoryWorld (UK) has created an interactive, customizable timeline for items in the Victorian Web using his TimeSearch: Readers can obtain timelines for a range of topics, including art, literarure, history, science, and so on. Peter Joyce also from the Uk wrote in to suggest his Assembled Stories, a commercial site with audio books, many of which are not just the old chestnuts.

Thanks to readers: Angus Wu writes in to point out a broken link caused by the reorganization of the site in the brief essay about the influence of the Crystal Palace upon architecture.

May 2007

Your intrepid webmaster has been working since last December reformatting the entire site with a more elegant design that requires Cascading Style Sheets (CSS). Great, lavish thanks are due to Dr. Mark Bernstein, President and Chief Scientist of Eastgate Systems, for making GPL's style sheets function with browsers other than Macintosh Safari. Thank, thank you, Mark! (Any reader interested in a powerful, easy-to-use hypertext system should check out Storyspace, and his Tinderbox is a powerful tool for professional writers. His site also contains a wealth of information about hypermedia, new media, and the fiction and poetry written in electronic environments.) Thus far GPL has completed reformatting the large sections on architecture, gender matters, theater and popular entertainment, stained glass, sculpture, contributors, and Victorian political and social history. The sections on science and technology require a second cycle of formatting and editing, as do the sections on painting, illustration, and individual authors.

Paramvir Sawhney contributes a four-part project, "The Victorians as Olympian Dreamers: The 'Togification' of Britain," which includes a discussions of the emphasis upon authenticity in The Last Days of Pompeii and the myth of the toga. Meredith Moore writes a multi-part exploration of erotic elements in Victorian art, which includes "We Didn't Start the Fire: Discovery of Pompeii's Erotic Art and its impact on Victorian Culture" and discussions of the male and female nude. John P. Nagler adds a six-part investigation of the various means and modes of Victorian classicism, including sections on Leighton, Alma-Tadema, Poynter, Moore, Waterhouse and Bulwer-Lytton. Sally King discusses five paintings by Millais.

Jacqueline Banerjee continues her series of essays on worthies associatd with the University of London, adding Robert Browning, G. K. Chesterton, Francis Galton, and A. E. Housman while providing photographs and text about the Albert Bridge, which leads GPL to create a new sitemap (or list) of bridges designed by English engineers in the UK, Eurtope, and Asia. Th enext week she sent in sets of photographs of a M. E. Braddon memorial plaque" and of St. Mary Magdalene Church, a sixteenth-century edifice that Blomfield altered. Meanwhile Philip Allingham continues working on commentaries for Phiz's illustrations to Martin Chuzzlewit plus an essay on "Dickens's Impressions of the Mississippi valley at Cairo, Illinois, the original of 'Eden' in Martin Chuzzlewit."

Thanks to readers for corrections: Monika Mazurek of Poland writes in to correct an obvious scanning error in Jim Kincaid's book on Dickens: "Barnaby Budge"! Michael Busk of San Francisco corrects a typo in the religion sitemap, and Jon Grant corected a typo in a caption in the bio of Frederick Robinson, Viscount Goderich.

April 2007

PVA contributes "Mary Scott Hogarth, 1820-1837: Dickens's Beloved Sister-in-Law and Inspiration" and "'Taking The Wrappers Off — A Brief Overview of the Covers for the Monthly Serials Published by Charles Dickens, April 1836 to September 1870," and a comparison of the illustrations of Martin Chuzzlewit by Barnard and Phiz. He scans the complete Phiz illustrations for the novel, the text documents for which GPL formats, and he begins his series of in-depth commentaries on each plate.

JB, who writes a biography of the Victorian chemist William Ramsay, sends in photographs and text for Thomas Woolner's John Hunter in Leicester Square and also identified Woolner as the sculptor of the Wordsworth memorial in St. Oswald's Church, Grasmere. She also adds new photographs of Baily's statue of Early Grey and Gilbert's Queen Victoria, and "More on 'The Great Wen': Reviews of Liza Picard's Victorian London: The Life of a City 1840-1870 (paperback ed. 2006) and Jerry White's London in the Nineteenth Century: 'A Human Awful Wonder of God'" (2007).

After a 12-day tour of Eastern Europe, GPL adds photographs of a quadringa from Budapest and other sculpture. He reviews John A. Walker's "Work": Ford Madox Brown's Painting and Victorian Life (2006) and Simon Toll's Herbert Draper, 1863-1920: A Life Study (2003). From the 1899 Studio, he adds a sketch by Herbert Draper, Frampton's St. George, an he also added a dozen images of art nouveau jewelry and Alexander Fisher's crucifix. GPL continues work on converting the site to CSS, completing the sections on architecture and stained glass. He also scans and edits a number of illustrated articles from 1898 and 1899 issues of The Studio:

Marjie Bloy continues to add letters to her section on previosuly unpublished letters. Paramvir Sawhney discusses the use of classical versus contemporary costume in Victorian sculpture and the dream topos in late-nineteenth-century painting, and Sara King contributes "'Immortal Music:' Ernest Dowson's 'Non Sum Qualis Eram Bonae sub Regno Cynarae'" and "Visual Harmony: Albert Joseph Moore's The Dreamers" while Meredith Moore writes "Albert Moore, Art for Art Sake, and The Quartet, a Painter's Tribute to Music" and "Medea Misrepresented," a discussion of one of Herbert Draper's paintings. The Victorian Web now has 32,057 douments and images.

March 2007

JB creates a series of photographs and commentary concerning St Paul's Parish Church, Brighton, with its Pugin windows and John Hardman Powell's brass lectern.

PVA contributes The Names of Dickens's American Originals in Martin Chuzzlewit After the Dahesh Museum of Art in New York grants permission to do so, GPL adds The Marble Work (Le Travail du Marbre) by Jean-Léon Gérôme and Joseph, Overseer of Pharaoh's Granaries by Sir Laurence Alma Tadema.

Dick Sullivan contributes "Continuity and the Power of Place: Kipling as Children's Author" and Brian Eschrich contributes "The Rossettis and the Metaphysics of Spiritual Experience." GPL continues converting the site to CSS and completes the section on sculpture after Dr. Mark Bernstein, President of Eastgate Systems, solves some problems with the style sheet for vertical plates.

February 2007

PVA reviews two volumes in the The Broadview Literary Texts Series:Lady Audley's Secret (2003) and Jack Sheppard (2007) and among his many contributions are the following: "The Dualistic Chronological Setting of Dickens's Martin Chuzzlewitt," "The Costuming and Set Design of Plays Adapted from Dickens's Christmas Books: Realisations of the Illustrations". He and GPL add two dozen illustrations of Victorian pantomime. Other contributions include "The Origin of 'I've got to see a man about a dog."

JB contributes a series of essays and brief biographies, including "Frederic William Farrar," "Henry Morley," "Frederick Denison Maurice," "James Clerk Maxwell," and "Charles Wheatstone as well as an illustrated multi-part history of the University of London, including an introduction, "The Founding Colleges," "The University of London and Women Students," "Opening the Doors of Higher Education," and various photographs. She also send in a photograph of the Albany, home at different times to Bulwer-Lytton, Macaulay, Gladstone, and others, and accompanying text.

GPL uses the Project Gutenberg text of Bulwer-Lytton's The Last Days of Pompeii to create an e-text of the novel for VW and then a section on the novel containing materials about narration, characterization, gender, political and religious themes and photographic illustrations. John P. Nagler contributes "A Hint of Sedition in The Last Days of Pompeii;" Paramvir Sawhney adds an essay about authenticity in the novel, "Nothing changes under the sun." He also edits a section of Charles Reades Hard Cash, which he entitles "A History of Early Railways — Technological Innovation and Resistance to them." After Christchurch Art Gallery Te Puna o Waiwehtu, New Zealand, grants permission to include them in VW, GPL adds Teresina by Frederick Lord Leighton and In the Wizard's Garden by George Dunlop Leslie. GPL continues creating style sheets and converting the site.

Dick Sullivan contributes a biography of James Thomson and "Poison Mixed With Gall," an introduction to his The City of Dreadful Night, a brief biography of Camille Jullien, and "'Nothing Will Beat the Old Times': A Victorian Dialogue."

January 2007

PVA contributes a series of essays on Dickens's The Chimes, including "The Chimes: A Goblin Story of Some Bells That Rang An Old Year Out and a New Year In," "The "Forgotten" Christmas Book, The Chimes (1844): Novella and Dramatic Adaptation," Prologue to Mark Lemon and G. A. A'Beckett's Adaptation of "The Chimes" by Charles Dickens (1844)."

JB writes a short biography of the great pioneer of medical careers for women, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson. Suzanne Hesse, a faculty member of Chemeketa Community College, contributes "The Victorian Ideal Male Characters in Jane Eyre and Villette." GPL continues creating style sheets and converting the site.

December 2006

PVA adds "The Rediscovery of Mary Elizabeth Braddon (1835-1915) — 'Queen of Sensation'" and Katy Crane contributes "Anti-Semitism in the works of E. Nesbit." JB provides a dozen photographs and text of the beautiful Morris/Burne Jones stained glass windows in St. Margaret's Church, Rottingdean and writes a joint review of Rosemary Ashton's 142 Strand: A Radical Address in Victorian London and Lee Jackson's A Dictionary of Victorian London. GPL continues creating style sheets and converting the site.

November 2006

JB, who reviews John Batchelor's Lady Trevelyan and the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood and Deborah Cohen's Household Gods: The British and Their Possessions, also provides images and information about Victorian Brighton — its station, clocktower, and the Victoria Fountain as well as photographs and text for her "Kipling in Rottingdean, Sussex (1897-1902)"

Daniel Block adds "Romance and the Female Poet in Elizabeth Barrett Browning's Aurora Leigh."

GPL, who begins the ardous process of converting VW's 31,000 documents to CSS, scans, edits, and adds "Mrs. S. C. Hall on Thomas Babington Macaulay," drawing upon Project Gutenberg, creates a VW version of Macaulay's The Lays of Ancient Rome, to which Sally King and John P. Nagler later add discussion questions. He also contributes various brief essays on the aesthetes and decadents, including "The Grosvenor Gallery and the Aesthetic Movement," "Is There Such a Thing as Decadence?," Charles Baudelaire and Decadence," and "Aesthetes, Decadents, and the Idea of Art for Art's Sake."

October 2006

PVA contributes a series of essays, including "The Conclusions of Lady Audley's Secret and The Mystery of Edwin Drood: Was Dickens Thinking of Using Braddon's Solution?"

JB adds a brief history of Kensal Green cemetery, London, and a dozen photographs of the graves of some well-known Victorians buried there plus a photograph George Meredith's writing chalet on Box Hill, Surrey, and other images, including the dramatic roof of the London Hippodrome. She also provides a dozen photographs and text for a sequence on Sir George Gilbert Scott's sumptuous India and Foreign Offices, Whitehall, London.

Daniel Block adds "Christina Rossetti's 'Song' ('When I am dead, my dearest') and Wordsworth's 'A Slumber Did my Spirit Seal,'" and Paramvir Sawhney adds "Apotheosis and selfhood in Christina Rossetti's 'The Thread of Life'." Erin Frauenhofer contributes a question set, "I Can Tell You About Rossetti's 'May,'" and Lydia Gidwitz contributesd another Scars: The Plight of Women in Rossetti's 'A Daughter of Eve.'" GPL writes "The British East India Company — the Company that Owned a Nation (or Two)" and with PVA adds a series of images from the Illustrated London News, including East India Company's Thames Goods-shed (1852)

September 2006

PVA contributes "The Cinematic Adaptations of The Mystery of Edwin Drood: 1909, 1914, 1935, and 1993; or, Dickens Gone Hollywood."

JB, who reviews Judith Flanders's Consuming Passions: Leisure and Pleasure in Victorian Britain, provides images and information about the memorial cloisters at the Watts Gallery, Compton, Surrey; Dr Jenner's statue and the Italian Gardens in Kensington Gardens; Sir Alfred Gilbert's memorial to Queen Alexandra (with commentary and discussion by GPL), and Francis Derwent Woods's memorial to the Machine Gunners' Corps, also in London; the little-known interiors of William Burges at Milton Court, Dorking, Surrey; and Sir George Gilbert Scott's unpretentious Holy Trinity Church, Wescott, in Surrey. A discussion, "St Albans Cathedral and Abbey Church: A Case History in Victorian Restoration," focussing on the domineering Lord Grimthorpe. A review of Judith Flanders's Consuming Passions: Leisure and Pleasure in Victorian Britain.

Daniel Block discusses "Central Metaphor of Thomas Carlyle's Sartor Resartus," and Alison Fanous adds Embracing Life and Death in "A Better Resurrection" and "At Home" by Christina Rossetti.

Dick Sullivan contributes "Forgetting Obvious Things: The legacy of the Victorian?"

August 2006

By the 28th, the site had 28,164 documents, and quite a few additional ones came in afterwards during the last few days of the month. Philip V. Allingham, our Contributing Editor from Canada, attended a Dickens conference in Belfast and while there took many photographs of the city, including series on the Prince Albert Memorial Clock Tower, the Customs House, the Calder Memorial Fountain, the Old Town Hall, St. George's Church, the The Scottish Temperance Building, Ulster Hall, and several pubs (The Crown Bar, Bittles Bar, and The Botanic Inn); all Victorianists must respect the sacrifices PVA made to take these last photographs. Upon his return to Canada, Professor Allingham also contributed words and text for a wide variety of material from The Illustrated London News, including articles on Irish Emigration, Disraeli, French fashion, the arrival of the Nineveh sculpture at the British Museum, the inhumanity of Pentonville Prison's silent system, North American railroad passenger cars, and several dozen plates depicting the Great Exhibition of 1851. GPL creates html documents for all this material and new sections on Belfast, pubs, as well as for other cities and towns.

Jaqueline Banerjee, our indefatigable Contributing Editor from the U. K., adds photographs, text, and bibliographies for two main areas, sculpture in and around Hyde Park, London, and architecture and sculpture from Esher, a small village in Surrey, where Queen Victoria attended church before her ascension to the throne and to which she was always generous. JB created groups of photographs and texts on Christ Church and St. George's Church, the water fountain Queen Victoria donated to the town and the monument for her Diamond Jublilee plus John Williamson's various monuments — that for Prince Leopold and Princess Charlotte of Belgium, the Duke of Albany, and the tomb of Vicount and Vicountess Esher — as well as Susan Durant's Memorial for King Leopold of Belgium.

Her photographs include Alexander Munro's Boy and Dolphin, and Richard Westmacott's Wellington Monument (Achilles) plus John Nash's Marble Arch, Richard Westmacott's England, Ireland and Scotland, E. H. Baily's Naval Warrior with Justice and Pleace and Plenty and the Wellington (or Constitution) Arch and Adrian Jones's Angel of Peace Descending on the Chariot of War, Decimus Burton's Hyde Park Gate with John Herring's Martial Frieze.

Ellen Moody contributes a second essay on Trollope — Trollope's Comfort Romances for Men: Heterosexual Male Heroism in his Work. Dick Sullivan opens a new section of Victorian authors with Pooter and the Mudlarks: An Orwellian View and followsw it with his substantial essay, "Mr Pooter: an Alternative Point of View". JB, who contributes "The Seaside in the Victorian Literary Imagination," photographs Richmond Lock, London.

GPL reviews Kate Colquhoun's "The Busiest Man in England:" A Life of Joseph Paxton, Gardener, Architect, and Visionary, and, adding passages from Colquhoun, reorganizes the botany section in science. Inspired by JB's contribution of photographs of Hadrian's Wall, GPL creates a section on Northumbria to which he adds several dozen illustrations and texts from J. M. Bruce's classic Roman Wall (1867). Drawng on a catalogue contributed by the Maas Gallery, London, GPL adds plates and accompanying texts for paintings and drawings, including works by William Etty, Luke Fildes, J. R. Herbert, Phil May, Emily Mary Osborn, William Bell Scott, and G. F. Watts. Continuing to expand the Arnold section, GPL adds essays on his political views on subjects including the evolution of his beliefs, his distrust of aristocracy, and the limits of his liberalism. He also contributes "The British East India Company — the Company that Owned a Nation (or Two)" and photographs of Feodora Gleichen's Artemis Fountain, Adrian Jones's St. George Slaying the Dragon (Cavalry Memorial),

July 2006

Jaqueline Banerjee continues to create materials on the north of England, contributing a section on Whitley Bay, North Tyneside, a Victorian resort made possible by the railway, and a series of photographs and commentaries on structures important in the history of techonology and society, including a six-part series on Central Station, Newcastle ("the first covered station in the world"), and others on stations at York and Durham. Turning to matters ecclesiastical, JB provides photographs and commentaries for Pugin's St. Mary's Catherdral, Newcastle, Victorian restorations and additions of the Cathedral Church of St Nicholas, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Henry Woodyer's St Martin's Church (Surrey), and Durham Cathedral. She also photographs Gilbert's statue of Queen Victoria in Newcastle and Earl Grey's Column by Bailey.

PVA and GPL select and edit various student essays on Wilde, Hardy, and Dickens as well as John McLenan's two dozen illustrations of A Tale of Two Cities that appeared in Harper's Magazine, to which PVA also writes an introduction. PVA also scanned, edited, and converted to html, Henry Morley's 1851 essay on China in Household Words.

GPL writes essays on (1) Clive Wilmer and Ruskin, (2) Tom Brown at Oxford and (3) Hughes's The Scouring of the White Horse and adds Richard Doyle's illustrations to this last work. GPL creates a new section on Eton College including a dozen essays and more than two dozen images of the school by artists including E. D. Brinton, F. L. Briggs, and Sydney P. Hall. He adds a similar one on Rugby and other public schools that include lists of their alumni discused in the Victorian Web. GPL also creates a section on Thomas Arnold, containing a dozen essays about the great Broad Churchman as well as one of his sermons. Finally, he adds images and text provided by (1) The G. F. Watts Gallery and (2) Peter Nahum; these last include paintings and watercolors by J. D. Watson and others. He reorganizes and adds to the section on iron and glass in Victorian architecture and also creates sitemaps for various architectural types, including churches and post offices.

Dick Sullivan contributes "The Poetry of A. E. Housman: A Personal View," a biography of the poet," on essay Postman's Park and the Painter, George Frederic Watts, to complement JB's series of photographs, and a comment on Ruskin by A. E. Housman. Matt Christensen contributes " An Alternative Interpretation of Christina Rossetti's 'Goblin Market'," and Sonja Mayer sends in an essay on Jane Eyre.

Aloysius Tay, the chief computer technician at the University Scholars Program, National University of Singapore, installs software that automatically synchronizes the Singapore mirror with the main server in New York, which he also runs.

June 2006

By the end of the month the the Victorian Web had 27,255 documents and images. Marta Miquel Baldellou of the University of Lleida, Spain, contributes a four-part study of the relationship of Bulwer-Lytton and Poe. Tom Kinsella writes an introduction to Victorian trade book bindings in the form of a review of Edmund King's book on the subject. Jacqueline Banerjee, now Contributing Editor of the Victorian Web for the UK, contributes photographs of the statue of Rowland Hill, inventor of the penny post, St. Andrew's Church, Surbiton, and material on Charterhouse School (whose alumni include Richard Crashaw, Richard Lovelace, Joseph Addison, Richard Steele, John Wesley and William Makepeace Thackeray). She accompanies these with a series of photographs of the school buildings designed by Sir Philip Charles Hardwick, Sir Arthur Blomfield, and Sir Giles Gilbert Scott. GPL, who creates a new section for Victorian education, creates a section on Thomas Hughes, author of Tom Brown's Schooldays, and writes a set of essays on the novel.

Dick Sullivan contributes essays on Victorian Rhyming Slang and Victorian Back Slang and well as "Portrait of a Victorian — A Washerwoman's Daughter" and Stained Glass and Gaslight — Darkness, Smog, and a Little Light in Victorian Cities. Othmar Plöckinger from Salzburg, Austria sends in the musical setting of Christina Rossetti's "Song" ["When I am dead"] that he composed and, with three other musicians, performed. GPL writes Victorian Doubt and Victorian Architecture, adds new architects to the architecture overview,

PVA creates a set of essays on the Opium Wars with China, leading GPL to expand the section on Victorian addictions. He also writes "Early and Mid-Victorian Attitudes towards Prostitution."

May 2006

Jacqueline Banerjee contributes photographs and documents about Postman's Park and the memorial plaques it contains plus three photographs of Milan's Galleria di Vittorio Emmanuele II, which becomes part of GPL's section on iron and glass in Victorian architecture. He also creates a section for Decimus Burton and re-organizes material on domestic architecture and architecture in the Straits Colonies. GPL creates a list of contributors to the site and adds a section on Burma (Myanmar) to the site. Stuart Currie, a PhD Candidate at the University of Worcester, contributes "George Whyte-Melville, Vampirism, and the Crimean War" and a discussion of "Why there was so little Crimean War fiction." Dick Sullivan adds "Reflections on Lady Butler's The 28th Regiment at Quatre Bras," which explains how people who lived through the Korean War might experience this military painting very differently from Ruskin or the artist, and, prompted by some of George Orwell's remarks, "The Cornhill Magazine — Fees for Writers in 1860."

April 2006

decorated initial 'A' s of the end of March, the Victorian Web has grown to 26,891 documents and images. This month turns out to mark not only our largest number of visitors thus far — around 18 million — but also the most abundant major acquitisions of new material, the overwhelming majority of it from contributors in the UK; authors in New Zealand, Canada, and the U. S. also contribute essays. To begin with, GPL scans, converts to html, and links to materials throughout the the site Dick Sullivan's Navvyman, a book first published in 1983 that provides a fascinating history of the men who built Britain's canals, tunnels, and railroads. Sullivan's book contains much information about social, religious, and labor history and creates a kind of tipping point in certain areas, allowing GPL to create overviews (or sitemaps) for a range of subjects, including Evangelical Christianity and alcoholism and add to several link-lists related to technology. During this month Jacqueline Banerjee also contributes a brief biography of Angela Burdett-Coutts, the great Victorian philanthropist who was the first woman to receive a peerage, which leads GPL to add many links to this biography in documents about Dickens, Collins, the Crimean War, education, and women's history. Dr. Banerjee also contributes "Thomas Hardy's Poetry: The London Years." JB, who has become a major source of valuable visual documentation, sends in many photographs, including a series on the Lake District, the railway waterpoint near St. Pancras Station, The St. Pancras Workhouse, Camden Lock and the nearby canal, and the Burdett-Coutts Memorial Sundial.

Two other contributors from England provide material for sections on new authors: David Blackmore's chronology and