Note 66 to Chapter 6 of the author's George Eliot and the Visual Arts, which Yale University Press published in a 1979. It has been included in the Victorian web with the kind permission of the author, who of course retains copyright.
See Herbert Rudolph, "'Vanitas': Die Bedeutung mittelalterlicher und humanistischer Bildinhalt in der niederlandischer Malerei des 17. Jahrhunderts," in Festschrift Wilhelm Pinder (Leipzig: E. U. Seemann, 1938), pp. 405-33; Ingvar-Bergstrom, Dutch Still-Life Painting in the Seventeenth Century, trans. Christina Hedstrom and Gerald Taylor (London: Faber and Faber, 1950), pp. 154-90; F.-C. Legrand, Les peintres flamandes de genre au XVlIe siecle (Brussels: Editions Meddens, 1963), pp. 6, 10, 241-42; Jakob Rosenberg, Seymour Slive, and E. H. Ter Kuile, Dutch Art and Architecture: 1600-1800 (Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1966), pp. 101-02, 146, 194-95; Seymour Slive, "Realism and Symbolism in Seventeenth-Century Painting," Daedalus, 91 (1962), 469-500; and Paulson, Emblem and Expression, p. 95.
Last modified 20 September 2000