What's New in the Victorian Web

George P. Landow, Editor-in-chief and Webmaster
Philip V. Allingham, Contributing Editor, Canada
Jacqueline Banerjee, Contributing Editor, United Kingdom

[Victorian Web Home —> Authors —> History —> Religion —> Philosophy —> Science —> Technology —> Visual Arts]

May 2008

May began with the site having 36,825 documents and images. After reading S. N. Behrman's delightful Portrait of Max, your webmaster contributed "Max on Music Halls," "Max Beerbohm creates a great fuss: the reaction to 'A Defence of Cosmetics,'" and a comparison containing parodies by both Punch and Lewis Carrol of a poem by Isaac Watts; he also added brief passages from Behrman on Beerbohm's caricatures, the Great MacDermott of music hall fame, and "Oscar Wilde's Arrogance."

Jacqueline Banerjee contribute a series of eight photographs and accompanying text about H. A. Darbishire's Holly Village, Highgate, North London created for Angela Georgina Burdett-Coutts as well; Sir James Pennethorne's 1832 houses in Park Village West; photographs of works by Burne-Jones, and additional details of Boehm's statue of Queen Victoria at Windsor.

Some additons to the new British and European Aesthetes, Decadents, and Symbolists materials: Ryan Wong contributed "Klinger, Symbolism and the Bizarre," Paul O'Leary McCann "Max Klinger's Incubus: The Dead Mother," and GPL created sections on Böcklin and Delville.

Don Harvey of Newport Beach, Califrnia, sent in several corrections for the text of Tennyson's "Ulysses." Thanks!

April 2008

The month began with the site having grown to 35,819 documents. For his his seminar on Pre-Raphaelites, Aesthetes, and Decadents, your webmaster created a section on the paintings of Gustave Moreau, who is hardly a Victorian, and as part of that section he wrote an essay comparing this painter to the Pre-Raphaelites. At this point, GPL decided to enlarge the existing materials on the Aesthetes and Decadents, creating a new section on British and European Aesthetes, Decadents, and Symbolists that, since it no longer solely concerns English artists and writers, has a very different appearance than the rest of site with its green and yellow color scheme. To provide comparisons to British Victorian architecture, GPL also began a site on nineteenth-century American buildings, the first section of which comprises a half dozen styles of domestic architecture. [This link takes you to his favorite American Victorian home in Providence.]

The Huysmans project continued as Valerie Hsiung, who contributed "Baudelaire Bound by Naturalism in 'Metamorphoses of the Vampire'" created on annotations for plainsong and for the various exotic flowers to which Des Esseintes refers, including Cypripedium, Nepenthes, and Anthurium. She also wrote "In the Verge of the Unknown: Blackness, Space and Mood in Khnopff's In Fosset. An Evening." Paul O'Leary McCann created annotations for Fecamp Abbey and the Maurists as well as for various jewels mentioned in the text; Richard Stein, who wrote "The Decadent Greek Sphinx: Drtikol, Khnopff, Bernard, and von Stuck," provided notes on Saint Vincent de Paul and Rubens and The Feast of Herod, his verson of the Salome story. Seicha Turnbull wrote annotations for The Golden Ass of Apuleius and Paul Verlaine. Ryan Wong contributed annotations on Jan Luyken, a late seventeenth-century Dutch lithographer who life and work fascinated Hysman's protagonist, and The Psychomachia of Prudentius.

Jacqueline Banerjee reviewed Sybil Oldfield's Jeanie, an "Army of One": Mrs Nassau Senior, 1828-1877, The First Woman in Whitehall, and she also provided a biography of the illustrator Joseph Pennell (1857-1926) plus a dozen plates and commentaries from his series of drawings of London. She also contributed sets of photographs with commentary of Sir Joseph Edgar Boehm's bronze statue of Queen Victoria at Windsor and John Graham Lough's Stephenson Memorial, Newcastle.

Brian Elliott, webmaster of Christ Chuch in Esher, Surrey, sent in two photographs of the recently restored Walker organ, and Yaakov Eisenberg of New York corrected the transcription of James Clerk Maxwell's "Molecules." Antiquariaat Jan Meemelink, Den Haag ('s-Gravenhage ) The Netherlands, kindly permitted us to reproduce an 1855 plate of the Nepenthes to use as an illustration in the Hysmans project described above. Terry Scarborough, Professor of English, Okanagan College, Kelowna BC, Canada, contributed "Science or Séance?: Late-Victorian Science and Dracula's Epistolary Structure," and Matt Macguire, M. A. Candidate, Anglia Ruskin University in Cambridge, England, sent in "The Retreated Narrator: Thackeray's Showman in Vanity Fair"

Dawn Carroll, E-Public Relations Officer for the National Museums Liverpool, writes to announce the Walker Art Gallery exhibition, Art in the Age of Steam, which includes Manet's The Railway (The Gare Saint-Lazare) and Egg's The Travelling Companions as well as many other major works; the exhibition runs from 18 April to 10 August 2008.

March 2008

Using Gimp (GNU Image Manipulation Program, free graphics software downloaded from the internet), your webmaster added blue skies to a few dozen architectural photographs in which the skies appeared whited out even though many of these images were made on sunny days. He also began the process of converting a web version of Sarah Cutts Frerichs's 1974 monograph on Elizabeth Missing Sewell, a High Church novelist and writer on women's education, for the inaugural Sarah Cutts Frerichs Lecture in Victorian Studies at Brown University's Cogut Center for the Humanities, which will take place on Tuesday, April 15, 2008. He added French and English versions of selected poems by Baudelaire to the materials on the Decadence.

Jacqueline Banerjee, who recently returned from India, sent in the first products of her travels — a life of A. O. Hume accompanied by photographs of the home of this graduate of the University of London who began as a colonial administrator and ended as founder of the Indian National Congress and famous ornithologist. She folowd this with "Home from Home: The Victorians in Simla," which are accompanied by a series of photographs of both landscape surroudning this summer capital of British India as well as Victorian buidings there: Christ Church, St. Michael's Cathedral, and Gaiety Theatre. Prompted by this new material, GPL reated a new section on British India, adding to the site material from the Postcolonial Web and images of landscape, buildings, people, and events from th New York Public Library site.

The month began with Dick Sullivan sending in an essay on John Clare, the Northamptonshire Peasant Poet, and "Sadness and Salvation: Six Victorian Poems," which begins with a discussion of one of Clare's poems. A few days later e-mail brought a review by Sharon Aronofsky Weltman of Oliver S. Buckton's Cruising with Robert Louis Stevenson: Travel, Narrative, and the Colonial Body. Rita Harris of Oxford has permited us to add her photographs and commentary about Margaret Giles's The Tortoise Boy (or Boy on a Tortoise). Tony Bentley wrote in with an explanation of the Duke of Wellington's original family name and to correct a statement about the number of children in his family.

Alpha S. from Shelton, Connecticut, writes to point out that contrary to the statement in the 1894 edition of his works, which is on this site, Edward Lear was the twentieth and not the twenty-first or twenty-one children. Bennie (BT) Robinson III writes to point out a typo. Thanks!

February 2008

The site has 35,409 documents and images as of 25 February. Charles L. Eastlake's A History of the Gothic Revival (1872), a treasure trove of information and beautiful images of architecture in this style, provided pictures and extensive commentary about churches and public buildings by James Brooks, William Butterfield, Benjamin Ferrey, George Goldie, A. W. N. Pugin. G. E. Street, and Alfred Waterhouse's Assize Courts, Manchester and New Buildings at Balliol College, Oxford The material added included not only churches but also country houses, such as those by William Burges, W. E. Nesfield's Cloverly Hall in Shropshire, J. L. Pearson's Quar Wood in Gloucestershire, W. Porden's Eaton Hall, J. Pritchard 's Eatington Park, Richard Norman Shaw's Leyes Wood in Sussex, A. Salvin's Scotney Castle, Sussex, W. White's Humewood in Ireland, and T. H. Wyatt's Orchardleigh Park in Somersetshire. Eastlake also provided entire chapters on Ruskin's importance and Pugin's biography, as well as shorter pieces on a range of relevant subjects, including Walter Scott's influence, the Gothic as a particularly functional style for domestic architecture, Barry and the Houss of Parliament. and material for an essay about the opposition to the style by both Evangelicals and Roman Catholics.

Judy Neiswander's e-mail about the Library of Congress's online collection of copyright-free images (see below) prompted GPL to create the html documents for numerous buildings and scenes, including Elmes and Cockerel's St George's Hall, Lime Street, Liverpool, Hardwick's Great Royal Western Hotel, Scott's restorations (Chester Cathedral, St Botolph's Church, Boston, Lincolnshire), Cambridge colleges (Jesus, St. John's), technology (water wheel, railways, windmill, steam paddlewheeler Boadiciea, and a steam tug towing a sailing ship), and resorts (Bath, Blackpool, Bognor, Brighton, Buxton, Herne Bay).

After GPL told Mark Bernstein, head of Eastgate Systems (www.eastgate.org — a firm with pioneerng hypertext and organization software), about the Library of Congress's online collection of copyright-free images, he suggested that the New York Public Library also had a site with much valuable visual materials, too, and he was certainly right! To begn with, GPL created two large sections of more than a dozen documents each of plates from the Audsley brothers' Polychromatic decoration as applied to buildings in the mediaeval styles and George Audsley and James Lord Bowes's Keramic Art of Japan — books with enormous value for study of the Medieval Revival and the Cult of Japan. The NYPL also provides images of British cavalry in India after the 1857 uprising and six images of British troops in the Crimean War, plus coats of arms of famous British public schools, such as those for Eton and Rugby, as well as various cities.

Philip Allingham provided materials to open a section on Eliza Lynn Linton, including an introduction to her life and works, a chronology, a list of the many periodicals in which she published, and a dozen illustrations by Arthur Hopkins for her novel, The Atonement of Leam Dundas. In addition, he completed a major project, scanning more than 60 illustrations by Fred Barnard of Dickens's Martin Chuzzlewit and creating captions and commentaries.

Jacqueline Banerjee contributed three photographs of Joseph Durham's Matilda Fountain, and her multi-part essay on Victorian crime (accompanied by a photograph of Francis Galton's portable fingerprint kit and an illustration of hooligans from Walter Besant's East London) prompted the creation of a new section on crime in the age of Victoria. In addition, she provided photographs of George Gilbert Scott and Francis Skidmore's Hereford Screen (now in the V&A) and an essay on Skidmore, whose work she also identified on the Albert Memorial. Her other contributions involving works in the V&A include photographs and essays on Burne-Jones's tapestry Angeli Ministrante and glass panels, Penelope and Chaucer Asleep plus Rossetti's stained glass version of Wedding of St George and the Princess and Frampton's sculpture, Mother and Child. Other contributions include a photograph of a memorial plaque to the orientalist painter John Frederick Lewis in St. Mary's Church, Walton-on-Thames, Surrey, a memorial by Sir Francis Chantrey in the same church that enabled the creation of a section for a sculptor today perhaps best known for his gift to the Tate, and a 16-part collection of photographs and essays on Street's St James the Less, Westminster.

Judy Neiswander writes to inform readers of the Victorian Web that the Library of Congress Prints & Photographs Online Catalog is treasure trove of copyright-free images on all subjects. GPL and JB have already found more than a dozen late-nineteenth-century photographs of bridges, landmarks, and monuments. Dick Sullivan contributed "Some Thoughts on an Old Classic of English Studies: Mysticism in English Literature (1913) by Caroline F. E. Spurgeon (1869-1942) and essays on Edward Fitzgerald and Rubaiyat as well as A.C. Benson. Matthew Koyle sent in "George W. M. Reynolds: An Enigma in Print." Michael Miller writes to inform us that he has collected his Elgar reviews online. Margaret Loose, University of California, San Diego, writes to point out that www.emilybronte.org.uk now takes one to a commercial site discussing digital cameras!

January 2008

Your webmaster began the new year by scanning and editing two sermons by Robertson that compare Roman Catholic, Puritan, and Broad Church conceptions of baptism, and writing a review of Tim Barringer's excellent Reading the Pre-Raphaelites. Looking through some photographs of buidings in Hong Kong taken five years ago, he found several of both the Cathedral of St. John and Sir Aston Webb's Supreme Court building. This last item brought to three the number of buildings by Webb — enough to create a section for this architect, who also designed the façade of Buckingham Palace and the Cromwell Road portion of the Victoria and Albert Museum. Continuing through his photo archives, he came upon images of a number of churches in colonial Singapore: the Anglican St. Andrews Cathedral, the Armenian Church of Saint Gregory the Illuminator, the Roman Catholic Cathedral of the Good Shepherd, Chapel of the Convent of the Holy Infant Jesus, and Church of Sts. Peter and Paul. A 2002 trip to Australia similarly produced photographs of St. Andrew's Cathedral and the Observatory and Time-ball Tower in Sydney.

Philip V. Allinhgam, working with GPL, has created a section containing all 121 of George Du Maurier's brilliant plates for his own novel Trilby. He followed the DuMaurier plates with a dozen illustrations by Arthur Hopkins for Eliza Lynn Linton's The Atonement of Leam Dundas and two for A Rose in June.

Jacqueline Banerjee sent in photographs, captions, commentary, and essays for her continuing series on Victorian architecture: eight on John Johnson's Alexandra Palace and five on The People's Palace, which is now the Queen's Building at Queen Mary University of London; this series includes images of the interior of the Octagon, now the library at Queen Mary. She continued with a set of related photographs and commentary: E. M. Barry's Covent Garden (Royal Opera House) and the adjacent Floral Hall plus Flaxman's statue of Melpomene, the muse of tragedy, on the façade of the Opera House. In addition, she wrote the caption and commentary for two of GPL's photographs of St Paul's, Covent Garden, the "actor's church," and she photographed and wrote about King's Weigh House Chapel, Norham Gardens, and the Great Hall of G. E. Street's Law Courts, including H. A. Armstead's Street memorial.

Marilyn Thomas, Professor of English, Menlo College, shared with our readers the preface to her new book, The Diary: Sex, Death, and God in the Affairs of a Victorian Cleric as well as the final chapter of her biography of F. W. Robertson. Olivia Rickman of the Foundling Museum writes to announce an exhibition about Handel and the Crystal Palace, which will run from 23 November 2007 through 2 March 2008. Luca Montanarella of the European Commission Joint Research Centre writes from Ispra, Italy, to identify the location represented in a painting by Giovanni Costa.

December 2007

Inspired by the biography of Frederick W. Robertson that Marilyn Thomas, Professor of English, Menlo College, sent in, your webmaster created a section for the the liberal Anglican Anglican, including his portrait and material about his comments on Wordsworth, Carlyle, Ruskin, Bulwer-Lyton as well as his strong defence of In Memoriam and thoughts about Elizabeth Gaskell, Charlotte Brontë, and the Contemporary Novel. He then scanned and edited Robertson's sermons, "Religious Depression," "The Shadow and Substance of the Sabbath," and "The Message of the Church to Men of Wealth," and he created a number of brief documents based on Stopford A. Brook's Life and Letters, including "'The evidence of goodness and wisdom in the external world is very questionable': Finding God amid the Cruelties of Nature" and "'There is a tendency now to be very indignant about a poor man's spending Sunday afternoon in a tea-garden': Robertson's Opposition to Sabbatarianism." GPL also added his three photographs from 2002 of the Queen Victoria Building, Sydney, Australia, to the section on iron and glass architevture. He also completed formatting scans provided by Philip V. Allingham of McLenan's illustrations for A Tale of Two Cities and added the passages from the novel that each image illustrated. Finally, after reading Elaine Pagels's The Gnostic Gospels, he wrote "A Pattern Repeated: Roman Catholics, High Church Anglicans, Evangelicals, and Ancient Gnosticism."

Philip V. Allinhgam sent in additional scans of George du Maurier's illustrations for "A Rose in June," which GPL sized and placed in html documents, and PVA scaned and produced html documents for illustrations of seven works of Hardy's short fiction by illustrators including George Lambert, William Hatherell, George Patterson, Arthur J. Goodman, W. B. Wollen, and W. Hennessy.

Jacqueline Banerjee sent in her photographs, captions, and commentary for the Victoria or Burdett-Coutts Memorial Drinking-Fountain and Victoria Park as well as a biography of Sir James Pennethorne, architect and surveyor to the Commissioners of Woods and Forests (later called Commissioners of Works) who designed important buildings, such as the West Wing of Somerset House, parks, and laid out New Oxford Street. She also provided images and descriptions of old Wells & Co. foundry and showroom (East London) and identified late-Victorian commercial buildings at 369-373 and 385-397 Oxford Street (London) that GPL had photographed some years back, and so we could finally put them online.

Lexi Stuckey, MA candidate, University of Central Oklahoma, contributed "Christina Rossetti and Anna Eliza Bray — Fashioning a New Form of Fairy Tale in "Goblin Market"." Leighton Carter contributed Beardsley's Grotesque Cave of Spleen, and Eugene Petracca wrote "The Veiled Countenance: Loss of Self in H. K. Browne's Bleak House" and "If thou hadst looked at me . . . ": Wilde's Picture of Salome. Terence Green, Ph.D. Candidate, Dept. of Political Science, Columbia University, made his second contribution, "Evolution as a Guide to Conduct." Gerrard Roots sent in an announcement of an exhibition of Sidney Paget's Sherlock Holmes illustrations at the Church Farmhouse Museum in London.

Thanks to readers: Judy Neiswander corrected a mispelling in the biography of Pugin. Thanks!

We end the year with 34,253 documents.

November 2007

Despite your Webmaster's pruning orphan and outmoded documents from the site, The Victorian Web has grown to more than 34,000 documents and images. While continuing to reformat the site, your Webmaster spent many hours scanning all the plates by Phiz for Bleak House from his personal copy of the first book edtion and then, using the Project Guteberg etext, adding the passages illustrated and also writing commentaries. Lucy Barnes added commentary on the plate entitled "Attorney and Client" and Leighton Carter wrote "Moody Clues: Hablot K. Browne's The Morning." GPL also worked on George Cattermole's plates for The Old Curiosity Shop from the three-volume first edition of Master Humphrey's Clock, in the process adding that illustrator's image of the audience at Astley's Ampitheatre to Philip V. Allingham's essay on London theaters. He also added his review, "Commodifying the Straw Man" — A Review of Brent Shannon's The Cut of His Coat: Men Dress, and Consumer Culture in Britain, 1860-1904 to which he added images of what men wore from illustrations by Cattermole, Phiz, and du Maurier.

Allinhgam wrote a series of four essays on Dickens's 1842 trip to Montreal and the theatricals he organized (and in which he acted) at the Queen's Theatre. "Dickens in Montreal, 1842" also contains fourteen images, which include both those scanned from contemporary sources and PVA's own photographs.

Jacqueline Banerjee sent in a series of nine photographs of the Grainger Market in Newcastle-upon-Tyne and accompanying text, a history of Harrow School with a dozen or so photographsm, and more photographs of Burne-Jones's home and studio, works by Flaxman, and the new paint scheme of St. Pancras Railway Station.

Lisa Jones of National Museums Liverpool writes to announce Victorian Visions, an exhibition of nineteenth-century photography at the Lady Lever Art Gallery that will run from December 2007 to mid-March the following year. Maagie Wood, Assistant Curator at the Museum of Domestic Design & Architecture at Middlesex University (UK), wrote to let us know that her institution houses the Silver Studio Collection. Florence Boos, current President of the U. S. William Morris Society, writes to inform readers of The Victorian Web that the Society now has an rich website containing information about its scholarly journal, a US Newsletter, links to discussions of Morris in many languages, up-to-date calendars of featured events in the US and UK, and instructions how to join the Society.

October 2007

Your webmaster continued reformatting the site this past month, working wth several hundred documents containig book illustrations and textile designs, and he also created a sitemap for the architecture of the University of London. He formatted and edited various graduate student contributions, such as Lucy Barnes's "Hunt's The Shadow of Death and Rossetti's 'Good Friday': An Unsettling Typology," "The Textual Alice and the Alice of Illustration," "Word and Image in G.M. Hopkins 'The Windhover;'" Leighton Carter's "The Struggle between Form and Content in William Holman Hunt's "Lady of Shalott"," "John Tenniel's Natural Fantasy: The White Rabbit," and "Gerard Manley Hopkins's "Pied Beauty": Word-painting vs. Formal Innovation?" and Eugene Petracca's "Chaste Longing: Illustrations of Rossetti and Millais for the Moxon Tennyson," "Biblical Typology in D. G. Rossetti's 'The Passover in the Holy Family,'" "Inscape/Landscape: Image as Type in the Poetry of G. M. Hopkin," and "Representing Alice: John Tenneil's Collaboration with Charles Dodgson."

Jacqueline Banerjee continues her section on the University of London with eleven photographs and accompanying discussions of the chapel at King's College, London, designed by Gilbert Scott with an interior attributed to the firm of Clayton & Bell. She followed that with photographs and discussions of the interior of the dome of the Wilkins Building at UCL, the Flaxman Gallery it contains, photographs of King's College, an illustrated essay on University of London art collections, and finally a series of eight photographs and accompanying discussions of Sir James Pennethorne's Public Record Office, which now serves as the Maughan Library, King's College London.

Jeanne Farewell contributes Can We Forgive Him? Trollope on America, and Rashmi Sahni, M.Phil candidate at the University of Delhi sent in her four-part essay on Collins's 'detective business': The Moonstone as a Detective Novel."]

Erik Ringmar, who teaches at a university in Taiwan, suggested we link to his The Fury of the Europeans: liberal barbarism and the destruction of the Emperor's Summer Palace, a site containing his "on-going research project on the destruction of the Yuanmingyuan, the Summer Palace of the Chinese Emperor, by British and French troops in 1860."

Thanks to readers: Ed Kranz corrected the text of a Browning poem quoted in a student question set, and Kiran Mascarenhas, The City University of New York, Graduate Center, corrected a typo in the list of authors. David Barbour, a member of the Coleraine Borough Council, wrote to point out that Portstewart, where the novelist Charles Lever briefly practiced medicine, is in Northern Ireland, not England. Mark Schumacher of the Reference Department, Jackson Library, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, pointed out that Georges Cuvier's name was missing its final "s" in several places, and Art Pitchford corrected the name of black kitten in Through the Looking Glass. Thanks to all for their help. Hannah Sheldon-Dean, a student in GPL's Sages, Satirists, and New Journalists seminar, pointed out broken links created by the reformatting of the site.

September 2007

After receiving a copy of the 1905 edition of Bannister Fletcher's wonderful A History of Architecture on the Comparative Method for his 67th birthday — thanks Ruth! — your webmaster created from its many drawings a new section of 100+ documents and images, Medieval English Gothic Architecture — Backgrounds to the Gothic Revival. Having been invited to Edinburgh to give a keynote at a conference organized jointly by the University and ther College of Art, GPL began a section on the city's architecture as well as taking photographs of sculpture by John Steell and others.

Philip V. Allingham joined those of us working on children's literature with his illustrated essay entitled "Julia Horatia Ewing's Jackanapes, a Late-Victorian Best-seller for Children." In addition, he wrote a biography of Randolph Caldecott and added eight of his illustrations.

Jacqueline Banerjee continued her series of essays entitled "Ideas of Childhood in Victorian Children's Fiction" with "The Child Within" and "Issues in Children's Literature," which includes "Regression, sentimentality and morbidity in depicting children," "Eroticizing childhood," and "The entrapment of children." Later in the month she provided eleven drawings of India by Leonard Raven-Hill biography of the illustrator.

In addition to sharing "The Musical Soirée: Rational Amusement in the Home," his essay about Victorian drawing room ballads and parlor songs, Derek B. Scott, Professor of Critical Musicology, University of Leeds, contributed his 15 performances of this musc, including Victorian setting of Poe's "Annabel Lee", "Home, Sweet Home!", and "Woodman, Spare That Tree!", plus two piano pieces, including "The Battle March of Delhi." He also contributed the lyrics to two popular music hall items, "My Old Dutch" and "Macdermott's War Song," which is credited (or blamed) as the source of the word "jingoism." Professor Albert Pionke from the University of Alabama has contributed "Representations of the Indian Mutiny in Victorian Higher Journalism," which he adapted from his book Plots of Opportunity: Representing Conspiracy in Victorian England (Ohio State UP, 2004) and then provided materials for GPL to create a section containing the full texts of a dozen and a half articles published in periodicals including Blackwood's, London Quarterly Review, and the Quarterly Review.

Thanks to readers: Harry McLaughlin updated the URL to his Family Photograph Album site. John Kofron wrote in to point out that the link from the list of authors to Charlotte Brontë had broken; Gordon Byrnes of Clarke University sent in the new URL for the Victoria & Albert Museum's National Art Gallry site, Richard Barnes FRSA, author of a book on the sculptor John Bell, wrote to point out that Bell was in fact the sculptor of the Crimea Guards Memorial itself. Charles Kolb, MD, FRCS, of Manchester (whom your master has known since they played lacrosse together at the University of London), e-mailed several corrections. Victoria Ford Smith corrected errors in Hardy's "Hap," and Sue caught an obvious howler in the biography of Samuel Butler. Whitney Johnson found a broken link on the railways overview. Thanks!

August 2007

Siobhan Lam and your webmaster continued to add material to the new section on children's literature, particularly images from chapbooks and other works, including illustrations from British Victorian magazines for boys and girls. Ms. Lam contributed two essays on Captain Marryat, a biographical introduction, which contains a discussion of Robinsonnades (or adaptations of DeFoe's Robinson Crusoe, including a chapbook one), and "Observing Victorian niceties on a desert island: Captain Marryat's Masterman Ready." In addition, she created essays on "The Rise of Children's Fantasy Literature: The Fate of Moral Tales," "Fairy Tales," "G.A. Henty's Quintessential Adventure Story: Reading One of the 28th," and her introduction to ideas of gender in children's fiction — "Boys will be Boys, and Girls should be Girls."

Meanwhile your webmaster continuing reformatting the site, beginning work on the four thousand documents each in design and illustration sections. Much of GPL's time was spent creating images of sculpture and other objects that readers can rotate 360 degrees, providing the kind of information only available with computing (one often can't examine all sides of objects in museums because they are in cases or in niches). For technical reasons involving server settings, Derwent-Wood's Robert Brough, the first qtvr project (QuickTime Virtual Reality) is currently online outside this site, as are Maraget Giles's Hero, Statue of a Young Woman attributed to Drury, and a For Old Times Sake, a pewter mug from Liberty &. Co. These images work with Firefox and Safari, but I do not know if they do with Internet Explorer. A week was also spent completely reformatting David DeLaura's magisterial Hebrew anf Hellene.

GPL, who gave a talk on Newman and Victiorian religion, spent the 16th through the 19th at the 2007 Bard College concert series and symposium entitled Elgar and His World, which was organized by Leon Botstein (President of Bard and Conductor of the American Symphony Orchestra), Christopher H. Gibbs, and Robert Martin, Artistic Directors, Irene Zedlacher, Executive Director, and Byron Adams, Scholar in Residence 2007. With the kind permission and assistance of Irene Zedlacher and others, your webmaster has expanded the section on Elgar, beginning with a detailed chronology of the composer and contemporary events, "'God Bless the Music Halls': Victorian and Edwardian Popular Songs" by Derke B. Scott, Professor of Critical Musicology, University of Leeds, and "'Right Praise and True Perfection': Edward Elgar and the English Imagination" and "Elgar: From Autodidact to 'Master of the King's Musick,'" both by Byron Adams, Professor of Music, University of California, Riverside.

Jacqueline Banerjee began the month with eight photographs of Smithfield Meat Market and accompanying text and bibliography as well as photographs of hotels in Brighton by John Nash and Alfrred Waterhouse, leading GPL to create a list of Victorian hotels of which we have images as well as a Waterhouse sitemap, which permits readers an additional way of locating the many photographs of his magnificent Natural History Museum. She also sent in a photograph of Margaret Oliphant's grave. JB next contributed three essays on the subject of "Ideas of Childhood in Victorian Children's Fiction": The Child as Innocent," The Child as Sinner, and Orphans, Outcasts and Rebels."

Philip Allingham contributed an essay on Dickens's "Italian Prisoner," the text itself, and scans of a Cruikshank self-portrait, and several other images. Irina Gredina of Tomsk Polytechnic University, Russia, and PVA contributed "Dickens's Influence upon Dostoevsky, 1860-1870; or, One Nineteenth-Century Master's Assimilation of Another's Manner and Vision."

Jennifer Burgess contributes a brief biography of Anna Kingsford, physician, vegetarian, and Theosophist, and a week or so later followed that with material on Kingsford's views on religion and the woman question, and Terence Green, a Ph.D. candidate in Department of Political Science, Columbia University, sent in "Herbert Spencer, Evolution and the Moral Law Within." Jean-Paul Flahaut suggested a link to his Annuaire Histoire — Révolution et Empires. Jon Grant's photograph of All Saints, Nocton provides both another example of Scott's architecture and additional material related to Viscount Goderich, Prime Minister, 1828-29. Sng Jin Soon collaborated with GPL and took two photographs of the Arcade in Providence, RI — an example of iron-and-glass roof that dates from 1828. Bernard Farr e-mailed from Oxford to share his photographs and information about the church of St. Philip and St James.

July 2007

Your webmaster/editor-in-chief continued to add material from the Maas catalogue and completed the html for the studies by Burne-Jones of the Christ the Lord in Majesty mosaic (Rome) now in the collection of the Delaware Art Museum, which is using one of my photos of the completed mosaic for an exhibition. In addition, reformatting the documents on Victorian authors has seen completion.

Jacqueline Banerjee began July with photos and information about Richard Norman Shaw's Albert Court — his influential apartment house (block of flats) adjacent to Albert Hall and near Imperial College. She next sent in a detailed review of the Yale UP volume of essays accompanying the Frith exhibition at the Guildhall and followed that by a biography of the engineer and arms manufacturer William George Armstrong, Baron Armstrong of Cragside (1810-1900) plus photographs of Hamo Thornycroft's monument to him in Newcastle and another of his pioneering Newcastle Swing Bridge. On a lighter note: JB sends in 10 photographs of the Arts and Crafts Black Friar pub.

Philip Allingham sent in an essay about the first of Helen Allingham's illustrations to Far from the Madding Crowd and two about Dickens's residences in Genoa, Italy, the latter accompanied by almost three dozen of his photographs plus two relevant passages from Dickens's Pictures from Italy, all of which GPL formatted and linked.

Siobhan Lam, class of 2008, Brown University, who won a summer Undergraduate Research Assistantship, which GPL is directing, has begun a section on children's literature, thus far providing discussions of both genres of children's reading and modes of publication. Her essays thus far include "Aesop's Fables," "Alphabet books: from grim morality to pleasurable learning," "Nursery Rhymes," "Hornbooks," "Chapbooks," an introduction to periodicals directed at young readers, "Penny Dreadfuls," "Evangelical Tracts and Magazines for Children," "Secular Magazines for Victorian Children," and essays on individual works by George MacDonald. GPL created a sitemap organizing all these materials plus earlier contributions by all three editors, such as JB's eight-part essay on child death and the Victorian novel with discussions of Kingsley and MacDonald, PVA's "Defending the Imagination: Charles Dickens, Children's Literature, and the Fairy Tale Wars," and GPL's "John Ruskin and the Literary Fairy Tale." Prompted by Ms. Lam's work, he also wrote "James Catnach, 'low-class jobbing printer'" and a discussion of Nonsense Literature. This new section also permits bringing together Sally Mitchell's existing discussions of Diana Mulock Craik, David Rand's section on William Brighty Rands, and other contributions.

John Erlen of the University of Pittsburgh Medical School sent in a description and url for his Recent Dissertations on Women's History and Health Care site. Sinead O'Neill, Web Editor for the Belfast City Council site, e-mailed to let us know that Official information about the Palm House is available, and I have added links to it in PVA's material on that pioneering iron-and-glass structure. Laurann de Verteuil, a recent graduate of the University of Glasgow, sent in "Reviving God: a study of Matthew Arnold and Gerard Manley Hopkins religious belief." Tjan Kwang Wei of Singapore contributed a photograph of Masjid Jamek Kedua (the Jamek Kedua Mosque) in Muar, Malaysia. The Victorian Web this month not only received contributions from South East Asia but from South Asia as well, for Savi Munjal, an MPhil candidate and instructor at the University of Delhi, contributed a five-part essay entitled "Imagined Geographies: Representations of the Orient in Three Nineteenth-Century Novels."

Thanks to readers: Connie Tornatore-Loong of Sydney, Australia, notified me of several typos in last month's "What's New"! I must be the world's worst typist: checking the previous sentence a few minutes after I wrote it, I discovered that notified had mysteriously become noptified. On the 13th Christie Riegelhaupt, Editor at ProQuest, wrote to tell us that the link to Conrad didn't work (in reformatting the site, I had forgotten to change "conradov" to "index"). Tan Lay Leng of Singapore, who put me in touch with Tjan Kwang Wei, pointed out that the iron bridge there bears the name "Cavenagh" not "Cavanagh."

June 2007

Aloysius Wee Kok Tay, who is in charge of computer services and labs at the University Scholars Program, National University of Singapore, creates a much improved search tool for the site. Thanks Aloysius! Meanwhile, your webmaster continues the reformatting project begun last December, finally completing work on the 4,400 documents in the section on Victorian painting. At last count, after removing hundreds of duplicate documents, inferior quality images, and the like, the site contained 32,437 documents and images. With the section on Victorian painters complete, it was now time to move works by Ruskin there, a matter of several days' work that involved rescanning some 70 works. Working with the watercolors and drawings Ruskin created throughout his career reveals that he was a better artist than many of those he defended in Modern Painters. Reconfiguring the Ruskin galleries came next, and with it creating a section including images of Ruskin's homes, some accompanied by relevant passages from his autobiography.

While this work was underway, two major contributions involving art arrived: Connie Tornatore-Loong, Assistant Curator of Australian Art, secured permission from Dr. Beresford, Curator of European Art, to include all images from works in Sydney's Art Gallery of New South Wales reproduced in Angus Trumble's Love and Death in the Age of Queen Victoria. Secondly, the Maas Gallery of London sent its latest catalogue, which has already led to the inclusion in VW of works by John Brett, William Etty J. W. Godward, George Howard (9th Earl of Carlisle), Arthur Hughes, Sidney Harold Meteyard, Abraham Solomon, and Simeon Solomon with dozens more to be scanned.

Jacqueline Banerjee started the month off with photos and information about more London theaters, including the Lyric, Garrick, and London Coliseum, which now houses the National Opera, plus the Chelsea homes of Carlyle and Rossetti. Switching gears, JB next writes the next installment of the University of London and the institutions and people closely associated with it — "The University of London and Its Boys' Schools," which she accompanies with photographs of the King's College School (1891). Next follows "Queen's College School and the Ladies' College School" with half a dozen photographs.

Dr Teresa Walker, who teaches in the English Department at Canterbury Christ Church University, Kent, England contributes a biography of Charlotte Elizabeth Tonna. Dick Sullivan writes four essays: Cyril Conolly and the problem of Housman's continuing popularity, an introduction to W. H. Davies, "William Morris: More News from Nowhere," and "The Absence of Love: William Morris's 'Golden Wing2.'" Some months earlier Dick has also wrote another of his fascinatng pieces on life in Victorian England with "Victorian Costermongers: 'A Penny Profit out of the Poor Man's Dinner",'" which I omitted from "What's New?" so I'll add it here. Dr. Ron Roizen contributes a six-part study of "God and the English Utilitarians," which includes "Utilitarianism as Part of the English Moral Philosophical Tradition" and an introduction to theistic utilitarians." Connie Tornatore-Loong of the Art Gallery of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia, contributes a notice of a major exhibition of the works of Sir Edgar Bertram Mackennal, K.C.V.O., R.A., 1863-1931, the great Australian-born sculptor who was the first person from down under to become an RAA biography of Mackennal, description of Deborah Edward's catalogue raisonné, and images of the artist and his work accompany the notice.

Off-site links: Bamber Gascoigne from HistoryWorld (UK) has created an interactive, customizable timeline for items in the Victorian Web using his TimeSearch: Readers can obtain timelines for a range of topics, including art, literarure, history, science, and so on. Peter Joyce also from the Uk wrote in to suggest his Assembled Stories, a commercial site with audio books, many of which are not just the old chestnuts.

Thanks to readers: Angus Wu writes in to point out a broken link caused by the reorganization of the site in the brief essay about the influence of the Crystal Palace upon architecture.

May 2007

Your intrepid webmaster has been working since last December reformatting the entire site with a more elegant design that requires Cascading Style Sheets (CSS). Great, lavish thanks are due to Dr. Mark Bernstein, President and Chief Scientist of Eastgate Systems, for making GPL's style sheets function with browsers other than Macintosh Safari. Thank, thank you, Mark! (Any reader interested in a powerful, easy-to-use hypertext system should check out Storyspace, and his Tinderbox is a powerful tool for professional writers. His site also contains a wealth of information about hypermedia, new media, and the fiction and poetry written in electronic environments.) Thus far GPL has completed reformatting the large sections on architecture, gender matters, theater and popular entertainment, stained glass, sculpture, contributors, and Victorian political and social history. The sections on science and technology require a second cycle of formatting and editing, as do the sections on painting, illustration, and individual authors.

Paramvir Sawhney contributes a four-part project, "The Victorians as Olympian Dreamers: The 'Togification' of Britain," which includes a discussions of the emphasis upon authenticity in The Last Days of Pompeii and the myth of the toga. Meredith Moore writes a multi-part exploration of erotic elements in Victorian art, which includes "We Didn't Start the Fire: Discovery of Pompeii's Erotic Art and its impact on Victorian Culture" and discussions of the male and female nude. John P. Nagler adds a six-part investigation of the various means and modes of Victorian classicism, including sections on Leighton, Alma-Tadema, Poynter, Moore, Waterhouse and Bulwer-Lytton. Sally King discusses five paintings by Millais.

Jacqueline Banerjee continues her series of essays on worthies associatd with the University of London, adding Robert Browning, G. K. Chesterton, Francis Galton, and A. E. Housman while providing photographs and text about the Albert Bridge, which leads GPL to create a new sitemap (or list) of bridges designed by English engineers in the UK, Eurtope, and Asia. Th enext week she sent in sets of photographs of a M. E. Braddon memorial plaque" and of St. Mary Magdalene Church, a sixteenth-century edifice that Blomfield altered. Meanwhile Philip Allingham continues working on commentaries for Phiz's illustrations to Martin Chuzzlewit plus an essay on "Dickens's Impressions of the Mississippi valley at Cairo, Illinois, the original of 'Eden' in Martin Chuzzlewit."

Thanks to readers for corrections: Monika Mazurek of Poland writes in to correct an obvious scanning error in Jim Kincaid's book on Dickens: "Barnaby Budge"! Michael Busk of San Francisco corrects a typo in the religion sitemap, and Jon Grant corected a typo in a caption in the bio of Frederick Robinson, Viscount Goderich.

April 2007

PVA contributes "Mary Scott Hogarth, 1820-1837: Dickens's Beloved Sister-in-Law and Inspiration" and "'Taking The Wrappers Off — A Brief Overview of the Covers for the Monthly Serials Published by Charles Dickens, April 1836 to September 1870," and a comparison of the illustrations of Martin Chuzzlewit by Barnard and Phiz. He scans the complete Phiz illustrations for the novel, the text documents for which GPL formats, and he begins his series of in-depth commentaries on each plate.

JB, who writes a biography of the Victorian chemist William Ramsay, sends in photographs and text for Thomas Woolner's John Hunter in Leicester Square and also identified Woolner as the sculptor of the Wordsworth memorial in St. Oswald's Church, Grasmere. She also adds new photographs of Baily's statue of Early Grey and Gilbert's Queen Victoria, and "More on 'The Great Wen': Reviews of Liza Picard's Victorian London: The Life of a City 1840-1870 (paperback ed. 2006) and Jerry White's London in the Nineteenth Century: 'A Human Awful Wonder of God'" (2007).

After a 12-day tour of Eastern Europe, GPL adds photographs of a quadringa from Budapest and other sculpture. He reviews John A. Walker's "Work": Ford Madox Brown's Painting and Victorian Life (2006) and Simon Toll's Herbert Draper, 1863-1920: A Life Study (2003). From the 1899 Studio, he adds a sketch by Herbert Draper, Frampton's St. George, an he also added a dozen images of art nouveau jewelry and Alexander Fisher's crucifix. GPL continues work on converting the site to CSS, completing the sections on architecture and stained glass. He also scans and edits a number of illustrated articles from 1898 and 1899 issues of The Studio:

• a Baillie Scott's furniture and metalwork for the New Palace, Darmstadt
• the paintings of Byam Shaw
• the Scottish sculptor James Pittendrigh MacGillivray
• Mr. Arthur H. Mackmurdo and the Century Guild
• Mortimer Menpes' home and studio in the Japanese Style
• the sculpture, painting, and other work of W. Reynolds-Stephens

Marjie Bloy continues to add letters to her section on previosuly unpublished letters. Paramvir Sawhney discusses the use of classical versus contemporary costume in Victorian sculpture and the dream topos in late-nineteenth-century painting, and Sara King contributes "'Immortal Music:' Ernest Dowson's 'Non Sum Qualis Eram Bonae sub Regno Cynarae'" and "Visual Harmony: Albert Joseph Moore's The Dreamers" while Meredith Moore writes "Albert Moore, Art for Art Sake, and The Quartet, a Painter's Tribute to Music" and "Medea Misrepresented," a discussion of one of Herbert Draper's paintings. The Victorian Web now has 32,057 douments and images.

March 2007

JB creates a series of photographs and commentary concerning St Paul's Parish Church, Brighton, with its Pugin windows and John Hardman Powell's brass lectern.

PVA contributes The Names of Dickens's American Originals in Martin Chuzzlewit After the Dahesh Museum of Art in New York grants permission to do so, GPL adds The Marble Work (Le Travail du Marbre) by Jean-Léon Gérôme and Joseph, Overseer of Pharaoh's Granaries by Sir Laurence Alma Tadema.

Dick Sullivan contributes "Continuity and the Power of Place: Kipling as Children's Author" and Brian Eschrich contributes "The Rossettis and the Metaphysics of Spiritual Experience." GPL continues converting the site to CSS and completes the section on sculpture after Dr. Mark Bernstein, President of Eastgate Systems, solves some problems with the style sheet for vertical plates.

February 2007

PVA reviews two volumes in the The Broadview Literary Texts Series:Lady Audley's Secret (2003) and Jack Sheppard (2007) and among his many contributions are the following: "The Dualistic Chronological Setting of Dickens's Martin Chuzzlewitt," "The Costuming and Set Design of Plays Adapted from Dickens's Christmas Books: Realisations of the Illustrations". He and GPL add two dozen illustrations of Victorian pantomime. Other contributions include "The Origin of 'I've got to see a man about a dog."

JB contributes a series of essays and brief biographies, including "Frederic William Farrar," "Henry Morley," "Frederick Denison Maurice," "James Clerk Maxwell," and "Charles Wheatstone as well as an illustrated multi-part history of the University of London, including an introduction, "The Founding Colleges," "The University of London and Women Students," "Opening the Doors of Higher Education," and various photographs. She also send in a photograph of the Albany, home at different times to Bulwer-Lytton, Macaulay, Gladstone, and others, and accompanying text.

GPL uses the Project Gutenberg text of Bulwer-Lytton's The Last Days of Pompeii to create an e-text of the novel for VW and then a section on the novel containing materials about narration, characterization, gender, political and religious themes and photographic illustrations. John P. Nagler contributes "A Hint of Sedition in The Last Days of Pompeii;" Paramvir Sawhney adds an essay about authenticity in the novel, "Nothing changes under the sun." He also edits a section of Charles Reades Hard Cash, which he entitles "A History of Early Railways — Technological Innovation and Resistance to them." After Christchurch Art Gallery Te Puna o Waiwehtu, New Zealand, grants permission to include them in VW, GPL adds Teresina by Frederick Lord Leighton and In the Wizard's Garden by George Dunlop Leslie. GPL continues creating style sheets and converting the site.

Dick Sullivan contributes a biography of James Thomson and "Poison Mixed With Gall," an introduction to his The City of Dreadful Night, a brief biography of Camille Jullien, and "'Nothing Will Beat the Old Times': A Victorian Dialogue."

January 2007

PVA contributes a series of essays on Dickens's The Chimes, including "The Chimes: A Goblin Story of Some Bells That Rang An Old Year Out and a New Year In," "The "Forgotten" Christmas Book, The Chimes (1844): Novella and Dramatic Adaptation," Prologue to Mark Lemon and G. A. A'Beckett's Adaptation of "The Chimes" by Charles Dickens (1844)."

JB writes a short biography of the great pioneer of medical careers for women, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson. Suzanne Hesse, a faculty member of Chemeketa Community College, contributes "The Victorian Ideal Male Characters in Jane Eyre and Villette." GPL continues creating style sheets and converting the site.

December 2006

PVA adds "The Rediscovery of Mary Elizabeth Braddon (1835-1915) — 'Queen of Sensation'" and Katy Crane contributes "Anti-Semitism in the works of E. Nesbit." JB provides a dozen photographs and text of the beautiful Morris/Burne Jones stained glass windows in St. Margaret's Church, Rottingdean and writes a joint review of Rosemary Ashton's 142 Strand: A Radical Address in Victorian London and Lee Jackson's A Dictionary of Victorian London. GPL continues creating style sheets and converting the site.

November 2006

JB, who reviews John Batchelor's Lady Trevelyan and the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood and Deborah Cohen's Household Gods: The British and Their Possessions, also provides images and information about Victorian Brighton — its station, clocktower, and the Victoria Fountain as well as photographs and text for her "Kipling in Rottingdean, Sussex (1897-1902)"

Daniel Block adds "Romance and the Female Poet in Elizabeth Barrett Browning's Aurora Leigh."

GPL, who begins the ardous process of converting VW's 31,000 documents to CSS, scans, edits, and adds "Mrs. S. C. Hall on Thomas Babington Macaulay," drawing upon Project Gutenberg, creates a VW version of Macaulay's The Lays of Ancient Rome, to which Sally King and John P. Nagler later add discussion questions. He also contributes various brief essays on the aesthetes and decadents, including "The Grosvenor Gallery and the Aesthetic Movement," "Is There Such a Thing as Decadence?," Charles Baudelaire and Decadence," and "Aesthetes, Decadents, and the Idea of Art for Art's Sake."

October 2006

PVA contributes a series of essays, including "The Conclusions of Lady Audley's Secret and The Mystery of Edwin Drood: Was Dickens Thinking of Using Braddon's Solution?"

JB adds a brief history of Kensal Green cemetery, London, and a dozen photographs of the graves of some well-known Victorians buried there plus a photograph George Meredith's writing chalet on Box Hill, Surrey, and other images, including the dramatic roof of the London Hippodrome. She also provides a dozen photographs and text for a sequence on Sir George Gilbert Scott's sumptuous India and Foreign Offices, Whitehall, London.

Daniel Block adds "Christina Rossetti's 'Song' ('When I am dead, my dearest') and Wordsworth's 'A Slumber Did my Spirit Seal,'" and Paramvir Sawhney adds "Apotheosis and selfhood in Christina Rossetti's 'The Thread of Life'." Erin Frauenhofer contributes a question set, "I Can Tell You About Rossetti's 'May,'" and Lydia Gidwitz contributesd another Scars: The Plight of Women in Rossetti's 'A Daughter of Eve.'" GPL writes "The British East India Company — the Company that Owned a Nation (or Two)" and with PVA adds a series of images from the Illustrated London News, including East India Company's Thames Goods-shed (1852)

September 2006

PVA contributes "The Cinematic Adaptations of The Mystery of Edwin Drood: 1909, 1914, 1935, and 1993; or, Dickens Gone Hollywood."

JB, who reviews Judith Flanders's Consuming Passions: Leisure and Pleasure in Victorian Britain, provides images and information about the memorial cloisters at the Watts Gallery, Compton, Surrey; Dr Jenner's statue and the Italian Gardens in Kensington Gardens; Sir Alfred Gilbert's memorial to Queen Alexandra (with commentary and discussion by GPL), and Francis Derwent Woods's memorial to the Machine Gunners' Corps, also in London; the little-known interiors of William Burges at Milton Court, Dorking, Surrey; and Sir George Gilbert Scott's unpretentious Holy Trinity Church, Wescott, in Surrey. A discussion, "St Albans Cathedral and Abbey Church: A Case History in Victorian Restoration," focussing on the domineering Lord Grimthorpe. A review of Judith Flanders's Consuming Passions: Leisure and Pleasure in Victorian Britain.

Daniel Block discusses "Central Metaphor of Thomas Carlyle's Sartor Resartus," and Alison Fanous adds Embracing Life and Death in "A Better Resurrection" and "At Home" by Christina Rossetti.

Dick Sullivan contributes "Forgetting Obvious Things: The legacy of the Victorian?"

August 2006

By the 28th, the site had 28,164 documents, and quite a few additional ones came in afterwards during the last few days of the month. Philip V. Allingham, our Contributing Editor from Canada, attended a Dickens conference in Belfast and while there took many photographs of the city, including series on the Prince Albert Memorial Clock Tower, the Customs House, the Calder Memorial Fountain, the Old Town Hall, St. George's Church, the The Scottish Temperance Building, Ulster Hall, and several pubs (The Crown Bar, Bittles Bar, and The Botanic Inn); all Victorianists must respect the sacrifices PVA made to take these last photographs. Upon his return to Canada, Professor Allingham also contributed words and text for a wide variety of material from The Illustrated London News, including articles on Irish Emigration, Disraeli, French fashion, the arrival of the Nineveh sculpture at the British Museum, the inhumanity of Pentonville Prison's silent system, North American railroad passenger cars, and several dozen plates depicting the Great Exhibition of 1851. GPL creates html documents for all this material and new sections on Belfast, pubs, as well as for other cities and towns.

Jaqueline Banerjee, our indefatigable Contributing Editor from the U. K., adds photographs, text, and bibliographies for two main areas, sculpture in and around Hyde Park, London, and architecture and sculpture from Esher, a small village in Surrey, where Queen Victoria attended church before her ascension to the throne and to which she was always generous. JB created groups of photographs and texts on Christ Church and St. George's Church, the water fountain Queen Victoria donated to the town and the monument for her Diamond Jublilee plus John Williamson's various monuments — that for Prince Leopold and Princess Charlotte of Belgium, the Duke of Albany, and the tomb of Vicount and Vicountess Esher — as well as Susan Durant's Memorial for King Leopold of Belgium.

Her photographs include Alexander Munro's Boy and Dolphin, and Richard Westmacott's Wellington Monument (Achilles) plus John Nash's Marble Arch, Richard Westmacott's England, Ireland and Scotland, E. H. Baily's Naval Warrior with Justice and Pleace and Plenty and the Wellington (or Constitution) Arch and Adrian Jones's Angel of Peace Descending on the Chariot of War, Decimus Burton's Hyde Park Gate with John Herring's Martial Frieze.

Ellen Moody contributes a second essay on Trollope — Trollope's Comfort Romances for Men: Heterosexual Male Heroism in his Work. Dick Sullivan opens a new section of Victorian authors with Pooter and the Mudlarks: An Orwellian View and followsw it with his substantial essay, "Mr Pooter: an Alternative Point of View". JB, who contributes "The Seaside in the Victorian Literary Imagination," photographs Richmond Lock, London.

GPL reviews Kate Colquhoun's "The Busiest Man in England:" A Life of Joseph Paxton, Gardener, Architect, and Visionary, and, adding passages from Colquhoun, reorganizes the botany section in science. Inspired by JB's contribution of photographs of Hadrian's Wall, GPL creates a section on Northumbria to which he adds several dozen illustrations and texts from J. M. Bruce's classic Roman Wall (1867). Drawng on a catalogue contributed by the Maas Gallery, London, GPL adds plates and accompanying texts for paintings and drawings, including works by William Etty, Luke Fildes, J. R. Herbert, Phil May, Emily Mary Osborn, William Bell Scott, and G. F. Watts. Continuing to expand the Arnold section, GPL adds essays on his political views on subjects including the evolution of his beliefs, his distrust of aristocracy, and the limits of his liberalism. He also contributes "The British East India Company — the Company that Owned a Nation (or Two)" and photographs of Feodora Gleichen's Artemis Fountain, Adrian Jones's St. George Slaying the Dragon (Cavalry Memorial),

July 2006

Jaqueline Banerjee continues to create materials on the north of England, contributing a section on Whitley Bay, North Tyneside, a Victorian resort made possible by the railway, and a series of photographs and commentaries on structures important in the history of techonology and society, including a six-part series on Central Station, Newcastle ("the first covered station in the world"), and others on stations at York and Durham. Turning to matters ecclesiastical, JB provides photographs and commentaries for Pugin's St. Mary's Catherdral, Newcastle, Victorian restorations and additions of the Cathedral Church of St Nicholas, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Henry Woodyer's St Martin's Church (Surrey), and Durham Cathedral. She also photographs Gilbert's statue of Queen Victoria in Newcastle and Earl Grey's Column by Bailey.

PVA and GPL select and edit various student essays on Wilde, Hardy, and Dickens as well as John McLenan's two dozen illustrations of A Tale of Two Cities that appeared in Harper's Magazine, to which PVA also writes an introduction. PVA also scanned, edited, and converted to html, Henry Morley's 1851 essay on China in Household Words.

GPL writes essays on (1) Clive Wilmer and Ruskin, (2) Tom Brown at Oxford and (3) Hughes's The Scouring of the White Horse and adds Richard Doyle's illustrations to this last work. GPL creates a new section on Eton College including a dozen essays and more than two dozen images of the school by artists including E. D. Brinton, F. L. Briggs, and Sydney P. Hall. He adds a similar one on Rugby and other public schools that include lists of their alumni discused in the Victorian Web. GPL also creates a section on Thomas Arnold, containing a dozen essays about the great Broad Churchman as well as one of his sermons. Finally, he adds images and text provided by (1) The G. F. Watts Gallery and (2) Peter Nahum; these last include paintings and watercolors by J. D. Watson and others. He reorganizes and adds to the section on iron and glass in Victorian architecture and also creates sitemaps for various architectural types, including churches and post offices.

Dick Sullivan contributes "The Poetry of A. E. Housman: A Personal View," a biography of the poet," on essay Postman's Park and the Painter, George Frederic Watts, to complement JB's series of photographs, and a comment on Ruskin by A. E. Housman. Matt Christensen contributes " An Alternative Interpretation of Christina Rossetti's 'Goblin Market'," and Sonja Mayer sends in an essay on Jane Eyre.

Aloysius Tay, the chief computer technician at the University Scholars Program, National University of Singapore, installs software that automatically synchronizes the Singapore mirror with the main server in New York, which he also runs.

June 2006

By the end of the month the the Victorian Web had 27,255 documents and images. Marta Miquel Baldellou of the University of Lleida, Spain, contributes a four-part study of the relationship of Bulwer-Lytton and Poe. Tom Kinsella writes an introduction to Victorian trade book bindings in the form of a review of Edmund King's book on the subject. Jacqueline Banerjee, now Contributing Editor of the Victorian Web for the UK, contributes photographs of the statue of Rowland Hill, inventor of the penny post, St. Andrew's Church, Surbiton, and material on Charterhouse School (whose alumni include Richard Crashaw, Richard Lovelace, Joseph Addison, Richard Steele, John Wesley and William Makepeace Thackeray). She accompanies these with a series of photographs of the school buildings designed by Sir Philip Charles Hardwick, Sir Arthur Blomfield, and Sir Giles Gilbert Scott. GPL, who creates a new section for Victorian education, creates a section on Thomas Hughes, author of Tom Brown's Schooldays, and writes a set of essays on the novel.

Dick Sullivan contributes essays on Victorian Rhyming Slang and Victorian Back Slang and well as "Portrait of a Victorian — A Washerwoman's Daughter" and Stained Glass and Gaslight — Darkness, Smog, and a Little Light in Victorian Cities. Othmar Plöckinger from Salzburg, Austria sends in the musical setting of Christina Rossetti's "Song" ["When I am dead"] that he composed and, with three other musicians, performed. GPL writes Victorian Doubt and Victorian Architecture, adds new architects to the architecture overview,

PVA creates a set of essays on the Opium Wars with China, leading GPL to expand the section on Victorian addictions. He also writes "Early and Mid-Victorian Attitudes towards Prostitution."

May 2006

Jacqueline Banerjee contributes photographs and documents about Postman's Park and the memorial plaques it contains plus three photographs of Milan's Galleria di Vittorio Emmanuele II, which becomes part of GPL's section on iron and glass in Victorian architecture. He also creates a section for Decimus Burton and re-organizes material on domestic architecture and architecture in the Straits Colonies. GPL creates a list of contributors to the site and adds a section on Burma (Myanmar) to the site. Stuart Currie, a PhD Candidate at the University of Worcester, contributes "George Whyte-Melville, Vampirism, and the Crimean War" and a discussion of "Why there was so little Crimean War fiction." Dick Sullivan adds "Reflections on Lady Butler's The 28th Regiment at Quatre Bras," which explains how people who lived through the Korean War might experience this military painting very differently from Ruskin or the artist, and, prompted by some of George Orwell's remarks, "The Cornhill Magazine — Fees for Writers in 1860."

April 2006

s of the end of March, the Victorian Web has grown to 26,891 documents and images. This month turns out to mark not only our largest number of visitors thus far — around 18 million — but also the most abundant major acquitisions of new material, the overwhelming majority of it from contributors in the UK; authors in New Zealand, Canada, and the U. S. also contribute essays. To begin with, GPL scans, converts to html, and links to materials throughout the the site Dick Sullivan's Navvyman, a book first published in 1983 that provides a fascinating history of the men who built Britain's canals, tunnels, and railroads. Sullivan's book contains much information about social, religious, and labor history and creates a kind of tipping point in certain areas, allowing GPL to create overviews (or sitemaps) for a range of subjects, including Evangelical Christianity and alcoholism and add to several link-lists related to technology. During this month Jacqueline Banerjee also contributes a brief biography of Angela Burdett-Coutts, the great Victorian philanthropist who was the first woman to receive a peerage, which leads GPL to add many links to this biography in documents about Dickens, Collins, the Crimean War, education, and women's history. Dr. Banerjee also contributes "Thomas Hardy's Poetry: The London Years." JB, who has become a major source of valuable visual documentation, sends in many photographs, including a series on the Lake District, the railway waterpoint near St. Pancras Station, The St. Pancras Workhouse, Camden Lock and the nearby canal, and the Burdett-Coutts Memorial Sundial.

Two other contributors from England provide material for sections on new authors: David Blackmore's chronology and biographical essay on R. D. Blackmore, the author of Lorna Doone, permits the creation of a section on him, which he later expands with a list of works, three reviews from contemporary periodicals, and a gallery of images related to the author, including portraits and photographs of places associated with him. Near the end of the month, Karen Devlin's contributions similarly permit the creation of a new section on an author — the poet and novelist Mary Coleridge, a direct descendant of the Romantic poet with that last name.

April also sees the arrival of material that begins a dialogue: Dick Sullivan's "Hopkins and the Spiritual" prompts GPL to write "Gerard Manley Hopkins and the Difficulties of Victorian Poetry" and J. T. Best's ingenious reading of "Porphyria's Lover" occasions 'Porphyria's Lover' — A Case study in what counts as evidence and where the ambiguities arise in dramatic monologues."

Drawing upon Dick Sullivan's Old Ships, Boats & Maritime Museums (1978), a copy of which the author sends to GPL, he creates a series of documents on Victorian ships and ship design, including "Cambria — a Thames River Spritsail Barge" and "Brunel's Great Britain, one of the most important steam ships ever built" with texts by Sullivan. (Sullivan also identifies or provides information about the subjects of photographs sent in by other contributors.)

March 2006

Jacqueline Banerjee contributes series of photographs on Leighton House and other artist's homes. GPL scans, edits, and puts up various parts of Justin McCarthy's 1872 long essay on Bulwer-Lytton, including "Two Points of Superiority over Dickens and Thackeray" and "'His range was so wide': The Genres of Bulwer-Lytton's Fiction" as well as his entire essay on Charles Kingsley and his discussion of Thackeray's characters. Gordon Weaver contributes "Arthur Conan Doyle as Defender of the Unjustly Accused," a study of Victorian racism, injustice, and Conan Dyle's part in securing justice at last. Annalise K. Walker of British Columbia, Canada (who at 80 is perhaps our oldest contributor) sends in "On Trollope's Barchester Series," and PVA composes "Essay Topics for Oscar Wilde's The Importance of Being Earnest."

February 2006

London Photos, a commercial photo library, generously shares twenty beautiful photographs with the Victorian Web (an example: Tower Bridge). Jackie Banerjee, who has recently contributed essays, sends in her own architectural photographs, including those of Gilbert Scott's St. Mary Abbot's Church, Kensington, St. Mary the Virgin (Surrey) by G. E. Street, and Tower House by William Burges. PVA adds essay topics about Thomas Hardy's The Mayor of Casterbridge. GPL writes a brief discussion of the navvy or construction worker based upon information sent in by a Gerry Newby.

January 2006

Christopher S. Nassaar, Professor of English Emeritus, American University of Beirut, contributes the "Pater in Wilde's The Happy Prince and Other Tales and A House of Pomegranates." Ian S. Pettigrew shares material from his site on radical and artisan poets as well as providing links to the original, often rare texts. Dr. Roy H. W. Johnston contributes essays on science and empire in Victorian Ireland. Jacqueline Banerjee writes a series of essays on Richard Jefferies, include ones on his word-painting, relation to ancient greece, and his contributions to Victorian science-fiction, our first essay, I believe, on that genre.

GPL, who continues to add to the sections on railways, ships, canals, engineering, inventors, and the Great Exhibition of 1851 also creates new sections of photographs of Oxford, York, and the Lake District (some he took 40 years ago!), and individual cities. He also adds to the materals on Victorian architecture by Street, Butterfield, and others. Galen Frysinger contributes several dozen photographs from his travels around the U. K., including those of Bath and the Lake District. PVA creates a biography of George Cattermole, the watercolourist, illustrator, and painter, and GPL scans this artist's illustrations for The Old Curiosity Shop from his copies of the first bound edition and creates html documents to accompany them. GPL creates a sitemap and introductory essay for the Arts and Crafts Movement.

December 2005

Robert L. Nelson, MD, contributes "The Price of Bread: Poverty, Purchasing Power, and The Victorian Laborer's Standard of Living." Christopher S. Nassaar, Professor of English Emeritus, American University of Beirut, contributes the "The Problem of the Jewish Manager in The Picture of Dorian Gray," "Wilde's Salomé and the Victorian Religious Landscape." PVA contributes "The Imperial Context of Charles Dickens and Wilkie Collins's 'The Perils of Certain English Prisoners'"

GPL expands materials on railways, adding essays on "British Railways compared to American Railroads — Two Nations separated by a Common Ocean and a Common Language," "Railways and Victorian Literature," "Railways in Victorian Fiction — The Effect upon the City," "Railways in the Victorian Landscape," "Victorian taste, industrial design, and Victorian locomotives," and "Railway Mania." He also adds half a dozen sections on inventors and engineers based on Samuel Smiles Self-Help (1859), Charles Reade's History of Early Railways from Hard Cash, Dickens on the Transformative Power of Victorian Railways.

GPL also greatly expands the section on the Great Exhibition of 1851 and also adds photographs and graphic images of Victorian railways, engineering, the Crystal palace, housing, and street scenes containing sections of landscape and city views, including sections of his photographs of Lancashire, the Lake Country, the Peak District, and added to the section of Victorian cities and towns.

November 2005

PVA adds an essay "The Missing Chapter by Wilkie Collins: 'The Prison in the Woods'" plus the edited text. GPL creates a section on the metalwork of Gilbert Bayes and pictures of an art nouveau copper pitcher by J. Sankey and Sons, a section on iron and glass construction, and material on Victorian sculpture and painting.

October 2005

PVA and GPL create section of more than 40 plates for Dickens's Dombey and Son and 15 for his Christmas books. GPL scans, edits, and puts up a long biography of William Brighty Rands, an essay on Newman's attitude toward preaching, and a review of Alfred and Arthur.

September 2005

Joseph Ugoretz contributes "The Pitchman and the Protègée: Oral Performance Art in Bleak House." PVA and GPL create section on illustrations of Dickens's nonfiction. James Sexton contributes "Dickens's Hard Times and Dystopia." PVA contributes "Thomas Hardy's 'Nobody Comes' — Text and Reading Questions."

August 2005

GPL adds photographs of London clubs. Hamilton Beck contributes "Mark Twain on the Crimean War." David Rands shares materials from his William Brighty Rands Site to create a section including 40 poems for this once-popular Victorian author. James L.Spates contributes his edited version of "Ruskin in Milan, 1862": A Chapter from Dark Star, an unpublished biography of John Ruskin" by Helen Gill Viljoen; Van Akin Burd contributes an introduction to this text as well. PVA contributes "Edward Bulwer Lytton's A Strange Story." PVA and GPL create a section on A. A. Dixon's Illustrations for the Collins Pocket Edition of A Tale of Two Cities (1905)

July 2005

PVA contributes reading and discussion questions for Hardy's "Afterwards." GPL adds a series of photographs of London sculptural monuments, including those for various Arctic expeditions. Mike Mesher contributes photographs of a lamp based on Edward Onslow Ford's Dancing.

June 2005

PVA creates a large series of essays on Edwin Drood, its illustrations, anmd dramatic adaptations and "Great Expectations in Film and Television, 1917 to 1998" as well as adding H. M. Brock's illustrations for Great Expectations,

May 2005

GPL reviews Francine F. Abeles's edition of The Political Pamphlets and Letters of Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, Lawrence W. Crider's In Search of the Light Brigade, and Aileen Fyfe's Science and Salvation: Evangelical Popular Science Publishing in Victorian Britain. PVA and GPL create section on John McLenan's Harper's weekly illustrations of Great Expectations. Jennifer Kingma Wall contributes "Love and Marriage: How Biographical Interpretation affected the Reception of Elizabeth Barrett Browning's 'Sonnets from the Portuguese.'" GPL creates "Charles Dodgson (Lewis Carroll) and Contemporary Politics."

April 2005

PVA and GPL create section on Luke Fildes' book and magazine illustrations, including several dozen plates from The Mystery of Edwin Drood and Charles Lever's Lord Kilgobbin. PVA write essays on Fildes' biography and his relation to Dickens. Students in English 171, Sages, Satirists, and New Journalists, Brown U., create new discussion questions for twentieth-century heirs of the Victoran sages — Tom Wolfe, Joan Didion, Annie Dillard, and Sarah Suleri. Julia Kuehn contributes five essays on Maria Corelli.

March 2005

Students in English 171, Sages, Satirists, and New Journalists, Brown U., create new discussion questions for Carlyle, Ruskin, and Thoreau as well as Beerbohm and Wilde. GPL bases new sections for Mrs. Hemans and G.P.R. James on Samuel Carter Hall's 1871 biographies of them and also adds his biography of Thomas Hood to the materials on that poet.

February 2005

GPL creates a new section on fantasy illustration, including new work by Aubrey Beardsley, Frederick Sandys, and Laurence Houseman as well as two dozen works by Rudyard Kipling and 70 by Henry Justice Ford. GPL also adds paintings by Holman Hunt, W. B. Richmond, Thomas Seddon, Millais, and others, and with the permission of the Bard Graduate Center he creates a new section of the design materials on Roman and Etruscan revival jewelry. Jenny Woolf, author of a recent book on Lewis Carroll, contributes articles on him and on using Victorian bank accounts as research material.

PVA contributes several essays on approaches to the epic and adds texts of Arnold's "The Buried Life,"

January 2005

GPL creates a large new section on paintings of the Middle East and also adds new works of Alma-Tadema, Waterhouse, and many other Victorian artists.

December 2004

PVA reviews Audrey Jaffe's Scenes of Sympathy: Identity and Representation in Victorian Fiction.

Brown University undergraduate and postgraduate students contribute essays on Swinburne and Rossetti, Millais, the late Pre-Raphaelites, Hopkins, and Ben Sullivan '05, Mesa State College, adds an essay on MacDonald's Lilith.

November 2004

Beginning mid-month, GPL begins seven-week process of standardizing footer icons, links, and decorative initials. He contributes a brief discussion of Benjamin Disraeli and Anti-Semitism and the text of Swinburne's "Dolores" and photographs of Burne-Jones's mosaic program for St. Paul's within the Walls, Rome. PVA contributes the text of Arnold's "Sohrab and Rustom" and a series of essays about it as well as the texts of "The Song of the Shirt" by Thomas Hood and Browning's "Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister" and "A Toccata of Galuppi's," and a contemporary portrait of A. H. Hallam. GPL greatly enlarges the sections on decorative arts. Brown University undergraduate and postgraduate students create discusison questions and essays on Swinburne, Rossetti, Morris, and Victorian decorative arts, including furniture, textiles, jewelry, ceramics, metalwork, and individual designers.

October 2004

PVA reviews Harry E. Shaw's Narrating Reality: Austen, Scott, and Eliot. Brown University undergraduates add discussion questions and brief essays for the works of Christina Rossetti, Dante RossettiJohn Ruskin, and Edward Burne-Jones.

September 2004

GPL adds material on Victorian railway locomotives and rolling stock. Brown University undergraduates contribute brief essays and discussion questions about Hunt, Millais. PVA reviews Caroline Levine's The Serious Pleasures of Suspense: Victorian Realism and Narrative Doubt.

August 2004

PVA, who creates introductions to Household Words and All the Year Round, contributes a brief biography of Emily Brontë plus the text of her "Song" and reading questions for it. He also adds a biography of Robert Louis Stevenson and Sonnet 43 from E. B. Browning's Sonnets from the Portugese. GPL adds more than 40 plates from Willy Pogány's magnificent book-length edition of Coleridge's "Ancient Mariner." George Gardiner Wood sends in some corrections and additions to the biography of George MacDonald.

July 2004

Working with GPL, Sarah Eron '05, Victorian Web Research Assistant, creates a section on Coverntry Patmore, which includes material on his relation to Hopkins, Tennyson, and Plato as well as critical essays on The Angel in the House, The Unknown Eros, and other poems. Drawing upon Project Gutenberg e-texts, GPL creates full web versions of The Angel in the House and The Victories of Love. PVA contributes reading questions for Gaskell's "The Half-Brothers" and Wilkie Collins's "A Terribly Strange Bed" as well as W. S. Gilbert's biography and the text of his "The Yarn of the 'Nancy Bell'" plus reading questions for it.

June 2004

GPL reviews Lauren Goodlad's Victorian Literature and the Victorian State and Joseph Bizup's Manufacturing Culture: Vindications of Early Victorian Industry.

May 2004

PVA and GPL create a new section of the Dickens gallery -- "Dickens's homes and other places associated with him," and they add a set of documents on an 1861 dramatic adaptation of Great Expectations.

April 2004

GPL contrbutes "Tennyson's influence on T. S. Eliot" and creates a new section on Domestic Victorian and Edwardian Stained Glass, based contributions from Matt Clarkson of the Antique Glass Studio (UK); he adds links to Punch illustrations to the biography of Richard Cobden. PVA contributes discussion questions for Thomas Hardy's "The Melancholy Hussar of the German Legion."

Students from Lakehead University, Canada, contribute half a dozen essays on Hardy's fiction; students from Brown U. contribute question sets on Thomas Carlyle's On Heroes, Lewis Carroll, Lord Dunsany; Tennyson's In Memoriam.

PVA and GPL add 48 new plates from Punch at mid-century

March 2004

PVA and GPL complete a new section on illustrators of Great Expectations containing several hundred documents and images relating to seven artists; PVA contributes "The Serial structure of Hardy's The Return of the Native;" Students from Brown U. contribute question sets for Aurora Leigh; GPL creates a section on Judaism in Victorian England

February 2004

GPL creates section for Lord Dunsany. Students from Brown U. contribute question sets on Jane Eyre and George MacDonald.

January 2004

PVA and GPL create sections on William Hatherell's 12 illustrations for Hardy's Jude the Obscure and a another dozen by George Du Maurier for Hardy's A Laodicean; PVA creates extensive discussions of each of the plates. PVA adds discussion questions for Hardy's "The Ruined Maid." GPL creates a web translation of "Tristram Shandy and the Comedy of Context," which has appeared in print several times, most recently in a German collection of essays on Sterne. He also contributes "The Victorian Invention of the Modern Company."

December 2003

Catherine Hay contributes "Mother's love -- Maternal projection in Hopkins and and Swinburne;"

November 2003

Alan Jackson contributes an essay on William Knibb, Jamaican missionary and leader of the antislavery movement. PVA adds "The Victorian Short Story: A Brief History"

October 2003

PVA and GPL create the "Thomas Hardy Gallery -- Places Important in His Life and Writings," containing 32 modern photographs and 41 contemporary ones.

September 2003

GPL creates a section on Holman Hunt's book illustrations and adds six plates from the Moxon Tennyson to the Clarkson Stanfield sitemap, and equal number to that for J. C. Horsley, four for Rossetti, five by Thomas Creswick, and 18 by Millais.

PVA contributes a section containing 11 illustrations with extensive commentary on James Abbott Pasquier's plates for Hardy's A Pair of Blue Eyes; "The Wife Sale in The Mayor of Casterbridge;" The Return of the Native as Sensation Fiction;" a review of David Thacker's 2001 adaptation of Hardy's The Mayor of Casterbridge; eight sets of discussion questions for Hardy's The Return of the Native; "Eustacia and Clym as Tragic Heroes in The Return of the Native;" "Egdon Heath as Another Character in The Return of the Native." Brown students create reading questions for Tennyson's early poetry.

August 2003

Marjorie Bloy creates a section on ninetneenth-century riots and civil disorders containing a dozen documents. Joachim Dagg, Abteilung für Entomologie, Institut für Phytopathologie und Pflanzenschutz, Göttingen, contributes "Herbert Spencer's Anticipations of Natural Selection" and "A Metaphor for Herbert Spencer's Explanatory System ." Gregory Bungo contributes "Irony in Thomas Malthus' 'Essay on Population'"

July 2003

GPL creates a section on Victorian artist-designed postcards based on the relevant section of Anthony Guneratne and James A. Findlay's Modernism for the Masses. PVA contributes his series of essays on James Abbott Pasquier's illustrations for Thomas Hardy's A Pair of Blue Eyes and his essay on Hardy's "source" for the heroine of that novel. He also wrote "Applying Modern Critical Theory to Robert Browning's 'My Last Duchess'" and a brief introduction to modern literary theory.

Richard Kelly, Lindsay Young Professor of English at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, contributes several chapters from his published books, including "Through Bergson's Looking-Glass," "Scrooge," "Washington Irving and Dickens's A Christmas Carol," and "George du Maurier: The Satiric Artist" plus a list of recent editions of A Christmas Carol. Richard Patterson of Melbourne, Australia, contributes material on "The Cost of Living in 1888" found in Victorian periodicals.

Richard Austin contributes the soundfiles of him reading the poetry of Gerard Manley Hopkins.

June 2003

PVA contributes an essay on illustrations of Hard Times and W. Hatherell's illustrations to an early version of Jude the Obscure.

May 2003

Thomas Halloran, who is creating a section on Ireland for the sister Postcolonial Web, contributes "'An Éirinneach nó Sassanach tú?' -- Are You Irish or English?" -- a response to Paul Gough's "Why Ireland wasn't a Colony." Members of English 151 ("Fantasy and Realism in Victorian Literature"), Brown University, contribute essays on authors read in the course. Philip V. Allingham provides five co-operative learning projects for Dickens's Hard Times and six for A Christmas Carol as well as his transcription of Dickens's essay from Household Words, "Frauds on the Fairies". Hugh Jones of Canada contributes "15041 Private Joseph L. Vince<